Swedish absolutism

Definition

Swedish absolutism refers to the political system that emerged in Sweden during the 17th century, where monarchs exercised near-total control over the state and its affairs. This form of governance reached its peak under King Charles XI and Charles XII, characterized by the centralization of power, diminished influence of the nobility, and a strong bureaucratic state that facilitated extensive military and economic reforms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Swedish absolutism was significantly influenced by the Thirty Years' War, which allowed Sweden to expand its territory and assert its power in Europe.
2. King Charles XI's reign saw the establishment of a centralized bureaucracy that streamlined governance and taxation, allowing for efficient state management.
3. The nobility's power was curtailed during this period, with their traditional privileges being undermined by the king's policies that favored a strong centralized government.
4. Military reforms under Swedish absolutism led to a well-organized standing army that became one of the most formidable forces in Europe during the late 17th century.
5. The ultimate decline of Swedish absolutism began in the early 18th century with military defeats, particularly against Russia during the Great Northern War, leading to a loss of territorial gains and influence.

Review Questions

• How did Swedish absolutism alter the balance of power between the monarchy and the nobility?
  • Swedish absolutism significantly shifted power towards the monarchy by reducing the influence of the nobility. Kings like Charles XI implemented policies that centralized authority, undermining the traditional privileges and autonomy enjoyed by noble families. This change allowed the monarchs to exert greater control over governance and military affairs, which was crucial for maintaining a strong state in an increasingly competitive European landscape.
• Evaluate the impact of military reforms during Swedish absolutism on Sweden's position in Europe.
  • Military reforms during Swedish absolutism transformed Sweden into a dominant military power in Europe. The establishment of a professional standing army under effective leadership enabled Sweden to participate successfully in major conflicts like the Thirty Years' War. These reforms not only enhanced Sweden's territorial acquisitions but also solidified its status as a key player in European politics during the 17th century, affecting alliances and rivalries across the continent.
• Assess how economic policies enacted during Swedish absolutism contributed to both state strength and eventual decline.
  • The economic policies during Swedish absolutism aimed at strengthening state finances through centralized control over resources and taxation. While these measures initially led to increased revenue and military capability, they also created unsustainable burdens on peasants and small landowners. Over time, economic strain coupled with military overreach during conflicts like the Great Northern War contributed to Sweden's decline, as resources became depleted and public support eroded due to high taxes and war fatigue.

Related terms

Divine Right of Kings:

The doctrine that kings derive their authority from God, justifying absolute rule and undermining the power of other institutions like the nobility.

Centralization:

The process of consolidating power and authority at the national level, often diminishing regional autonomy and local governance.

Bureaucracy: A system of government in which decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives, crucial for implementing policies in an absolutist state.