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✍️ Free Response Questions (FRQs)
👆 Unit 1 - Exploring One-Variable Data
✌️ Unit 2 - Exploring Two-Variable Data
🔎 Unit 3 - Collecting Data
🎲 Unit 4 - Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions
📊 Unit 5 - Sampling Distributions
⚖️ Unit 6 - Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
😼 Unit 7 - Inference for Qualitative Data: Means
✳️ Unit 8 Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square
📈 Unit 9 - Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
🧐 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
✏️ Blogs
Best Quizlet Decks for AP Statistics
- Unit 1 Key Terms (15-23%): Exploring One-Variable Data
- Unit 2 Key Terms (5-7%): Exploring Two-Variable Data
- Unit 3 Key Terms (12-15%): Collecting Data
- Unit 4 Key Terms (10-20%): Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions
- Unit 5 Key Terms (7-12%): Sampling Distributions
- Unit 6 Key Terms (12-15%): Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
- Unit 7 Key Terms (10-18%): Inference for Quantitative Data: Means
- Unit 8 Key Terms (2-5%): Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Squared
- Unit 9 Key Terms (2-5%): Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
- Closing Thoughts
1.4 Representing a Categorical Variable with Graphs
#sampling
#exploringdata
#anticipatingpatterns
⏱️ 2 min read
written by
lusine ghazaryan
June 3, 2020
Bar Graphs
To construct a bar graph (bar chart), we mark the frequencies on a vertical axis and the categories on the horizontal axis. Each category represents one bar. The frequency of each category determines the heights of the bars. All bars have the same width and gap between adjacent bars. To keep it short, here is the bar graph of stress on the job. We can also use relative frequencies or percentages to construct the bar graph. You can be creative and color each category with a different color. It will be visually attractive and easier to compare them.
Source: Prem S. Mann: Introductory Statistics. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Pie Charts
A pie chart is more commonly used to display percentages though not limited to frequencies or relative frequencies. The whole pie is divided into different portions that represent the different categories. Now we can use the same example and the percentages from the relative frequency table to display the pie the responses on job stress.
Tips: The choice between bar graphs and pie charts will depend on how many categories that variable of your interest assumes and the size of it. Whenever you have many categories or few categories with about the same frequencies, then the bar graph should be your first choice. If the pie has many slices or slices of the same size, it will be hard to compare the groups. Next, be careful of quantity distortions and keeping the area principle.
Contingency Table (Two-Way Table)
Categorical data can also be organized in contingency tables. The table shows how the individuals are distributed in the cells contingent with other variables. Contingency tables can tell how the variables are related to each other. When the numbers in cells are the same for all categories, then we can say that the variables are independent of each other. This is all about contingency tables; you will explore more about it in the coming units.🎥Watch: AP Stats - Analyzing Categorical Data
Key Vocabulary
Frequency Table
Relative Frequency Table
Pie Chart
Bar Graph
Two-way Table
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