ap stats
✍️ Free Response Questions (FRQs)
👆 Unit 1 - Exploring One-Variable Data
✌️ Unit 2 - Exploring Two-Variable Data
🔎 Unit 3 - Collecting Data
🎲 Unit 4 - Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions
📊 Unit 5 - Sampling Distributions
⚖️ Unit 6 - Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
😼 Unit 7 - Inference for Qualitative Data: Means
✳️ Unit 8 Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square
📈 Unit 9 - Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
🧐 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
✏️ Blogs
Best Quizlet Decks for AP Statistics
- Unit 1 Key Terms (15-23%): Exploring One-Variable Data
- Unit 2 Key Terms (5-7%): Exploring Two-Variable Data
- Unit 3 Key Terms (12-15%): Collecting Data
- Unit 4 Key Terms (10-20%): Probability, Random Variables, and Probability Distributions
- Unit 5 Key Terms (7-12%): Sampling Distributions
- Unit 6 Key Terms (12-15%): Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
- Unit 7 Key Terms (10-18%): Inference for Quantitative Data: Means
- Unit 8 Key Terms (2-5%): Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Squared
- Unit 9 Key Terms (2-5%): Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
- Closing Thoughts
3.4 Potential Problems with Sampling
#sampling
#exploringdata
⏱️ 2 min read
written by
kanya shah
aly moosa
June 3, 2020
👨🏫We have discussed methods of sampling accurately but now, it is imperative to discuss how not to gather data. Statistical studies are biased if it is likely to underestimate or overestimate the value you are looking for.
Examples of Biased Sampling Methods:
Convenience Sampling chooses individuals from the population who are easiest to reach. This leads to underrepresented individuals from the resulting data. If you repeatedly conducted a convenience sample for the same population, your resulting average would either overestimate or underestimate the average for the population.
🙋♂️Voluntary Response Sampling allows people to choose whether they’d like to be included in the sample by responding to a general message. Often times, people who choose to participate feel strongly about the topic at hand and as a result, those who aren’t as interested or accounted for remain underrepresented.
Undercoverage happens when some members of the population are less likely to be chosen or can’t be chosen in a sample. For example, if you conduct a survey about the best communication methods by using Instagram, people who don’t have Instagram will not be included in the data.
🙅♂️Nonresponse is when an individual chosen for the sample can’t be reached or declines their participation. This actually leads to bias because the people who opt themselves out despite being chosen may have differing opinions that won’t be included in the results.
*Nonresponse occurs after a sample has been chosen while in a voluntary survey sample, every individual has chosen to take part so there wouldn’t be any nonresponse.
Response Bias occurs when there is a pattern of inaccurate answers to a survey. The way a question is worded impacts the response the person gives so identifying personal bias is important to ensure that the results are valid.
So why does any of this matter?
If sampling is done without considering the factors that could invalidate your results, then the concluding data and analysis will not be representative of the population.
Courtesy of Twitter
🎥Watch: AP Stats - Sampling Methods and Sources of Bias
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