Polarization

Definition

Polarization is the process in which waves, such as light or electromagnetic waves, are restricted to vibrate in a particular direction. It also refers to the separation of charges within an object when exposed to an electric field.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In wave optics, polarized light has its electric fields oscillating in one direction.
2. Polarization can occur through reflection, refraction, and scattering.
3. In conductors and insulators, polarization refers to the separation of positive and negative charges under an external electric field.
4. A polarizer is a material or device that filters light waves to allow only waves with a certain orientation to pass through.
5. Brewster's angle is the specific angle at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a surface without any reflection.

Review Questions

• What happens to the electric fields of light waves during polarization?
• How does polarization differ between conductors and insulators when exposed to an electric field?
• What role does Brewster's angle play in polarization?

Related terms

Electric Field: A region around a charged particle where other charged particles experience a force.

Brewster's Angle: The angle at which light with a particular polarization is perfectly transmitted through a transparent surface without any reflection.

Dielectric: An insulating material that becomes polarized when placed in an electric field.