Harmonics

Definition

Harmonics are frequencies at which standing waves form in a medium, such as an air column, and are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency. These play a crucial role in the sound quality and timbre produced by musical instruments.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Harmonics are also known as overtones or partials.
2. The fundamental frequency is considered the first harmonic.
3. The second harmonic has a frequency that is twice that of the fundamental frequency.
4. Higher harmonics (third, fourth, etc.) are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency.
5. In wind instruments, harmonics occur due to resonance in the air columns.

Review Questions

• What is the relationship between the fundamental frequency and higher harmonics?
• How does resonance in air columns lead to the formation of harmonics?
• What term is used interchangeably with harmonics?

Related terms

Fundamental Frequency:

The lowest frequency at which a system oscillates naturally and forms standing waves.

Resonance:

The phenomenon where a system vibrates with increasing amplitude at specific frequencies.

Standing Wave: $$A wave pattern that results from the interference of two traveling waves moving in opposite directions.$$