Cytokine

Definition

Cytokines are small proteins that act as signaling molecules in the immune system. They regulate inflammation, immunity, and hematopoiesis by facilitating communication between cells.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cytokines include interleukins, interferons, and tumor necrosis factors.
2. They play a crucial role in both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
3. Cytokine storms can lead to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage.
4. They are produced by various cells including macrophages, T cells, and B cells.
5. Cytokines can have autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects on their target cells.

Review Questions

• What roles do cytokines play in the immune system?
• Name three types of cytokines and their respective functions.
• How can cytokine storms affect the body during an immune response?

Related terms

Interleukins:

A group of cytokines that were first seen to be expressed by white blood cells (leukocytes) and are important for cell signaling.

Interferons: Proteins released by host cells in response to pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites; they interfere with viral replication.

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF): A cytokine involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction.