Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated August 2025
Definition
Geographical variation refers to differences in the genetic composition of separate populations of a species. These variations are often influenced by environmental factors and can result in adaptations to local conditions.
Geographical variation can lead to the development of subspecies or ecotypes that are uniquely adapted to their specific environments.
Environmental gradients such as temperature, altitude, and humidity often drive geographical variation.
Gene flow between populations can reduce geographical variation by homogenizing genetic differences.
Natural selection plays a crucial role in maintaining geographical variation when different traits provide advantages in different environments.
Isolation mechanisms like physical barriers (mountains, rivers) can enhance geographical variation by limiting gene flow.
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Related terms
Gene Flow: The movement of genes or alleles between interbreeding populations of a species.
Natural Selection: The process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
Subspecies: Populations of a species that exhibit distinct characteristics due to geographical isolation but can still interbreed with other subspecies.