Capillary action: Capillary action is the ability of liquids to flow against gravity in narrow tubes or porous materials due to adhesive forces between liquid molecules and solid surfaces.
Lab-on-a-chip: Lab-on-a-chip refers to miniaturized devices that integrate multiple laboratory functions onto a single chip for applications such as medical diagnostics or chemical analysis using microfluidics.
Surface tension:Surface tension is the cohesive force between liquid molecules at the surface, causing liquids to form droplets or exhibit capillary action.