Opportunistic pathogen

Definition

An opportunistic pathogen is a microorganism that causes disease primarily in hosts with weakened immune systems. These pathogens exploit compromised conditions to establish infections that would not typically occur in healthy individuals.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Opportunistic pathogens often belong to the normal microbiota of the human body but become pathogenic under certain conditions.
2. Common opportunistic pathogens include Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus.
3. Immunocompromised states such as HIV infection, chemotherapy, and organ transplantation increase susceptibility to opportunistic infections.
4. These pathogens can cause a wide range of infections, from skin infections to systemic diseases like pneumonia or sepsis.
5. Virulence factors such as toxins, enzymes, and biofilm formation enhance the ability of opportunistic pathogens to cause disease.

Related terms

Primary Pathogen: A microorganism that can cause disease in healthy individuals.

Immunocompromised Host:

An individual with a weakened immune system, making them more susceptible to infections.

Virulence Factor: Molecules produced by pathogens that contribute to their ability to cause disease.