key term - Electrolyte

Definition

An electrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved in a solvent such as water, dissociates into charged particles called ions. These ions are capable of conducting electricity and are essential for various chemical and physiological processes in the body and in electrochemical devices.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Electrolytes play a crucial role in the electrochemical processes that power galvanic cells, such as batteries and fuel cells.
2. The presence of electrolytes in an electrochemical cell allows for the transfer of electrons between the anode and cathode, enabling the generation of an electric current.
3. Electrolytes are essential for maintaining the proper balance of fluids and pH levels in the body, and their imbalance can lead to various health issues.
4. Corrosion, a common electrochemical process, often involves the movement of ions (electrolytes) between different metal surfaces, leading to the deterioration of the metal.
5. Electrolysis, the process of using electrical current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction, requires the presence of electrolytes in the solution to facilitate the flow of ions and the desired chemical transformations.

Review Questions

• Explain how the presence of electrolytes in a galvanic cell, such as a battery, enables the generation of an electric current.
  • In a galvanic cell, the presence of electrolytes allows for the transfer of ions between the anode and cathode. This ion movement facilitates the flow of electrons, which is the basis for the generation of an electric current. The electrolyte solution provides the medium for the redox reactions to occur at the electrode-electrolyte interface, enabling the transfer of electrons and the production of usable electrical energy.
• Describe the role of electrolytes in the process of corrosion and how their presence can contribute to the deterioration of metal surfaces.
  • Corrosion is an electrochemical process that involves the movement of ions (electrolytes) between different metal surfaces. The presence of electrolytes, such as water and dissolved salts, creates a conductive path for the flow of ions, which can lead to the oxidation of the metal (the anode) and the reduction of another metal or oxygen (the cathode). This ion transfer and the resulting chemical reactions cause the gradual deterioration of the metal, a process known as corrosion. The specific electrolytes present and their concentrations can influence the rate and severity of the corrosion.
• Analyze the importance of electrolytes in the human body and how their imbalance can lead to various health issues.
  • Electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and chloride, are essential for maintaining the proper balance of fluids and pH levels in the human body. They play crucial roles in nerve impulse transmission, muscle function, and the regulation of various metabolic processes. An imbalance of electrolytes, either due to excessive loss or improper intake, can lead to a variety of health problems, including muscle cramps, fatigue, irregular heart rhythms, and neurological symptoms. Maintaining the appropriate balance of electrolytes through a balanced diet and proper hydration is crucial for overall health and well-being.

Related terms

Ion: An atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, giving it a net positive or negative charge.

Conductivity:

The ability of a material to allow the flow of electric current, which is dependent on the presence of charge carriers such as ions or electrons.

Redox Reaction:

A chemical reaction in which one reactant is oxidized (loses electrons) and another is reduced (gains electrons).