Reliability:Reliability is the consistency and stability of measurements or results over time. It ensures that if the same study is conducted multiple times, similar results will be obtained each time.
Sampling: Sampling involves selecting a subset of individuals (or items) from a larger population for research purposes. It aims to represent the larger population accurately and provide generalizable findings.
Internal Validity:Internal validity refers to the extent to which an experiment's design allows for confident conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships between variables within the study.