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https://www.irasutoya.com/2013/05/blog-post_6732.htmlFrequently Asked Questions
How do I say "smart city" in Japanese and is it written in katakana?
âSmart cityâ is usually said ã¹ããŒãã·ã㣠(sumÄto shiti) in Japanese and is written in katakana because itâs an English loanword. Youâll also see related forms in the CED vocabulary and Japanese reporting: ã¹ããŒãã·ãã£å (making a city âsmartâ), ã¹ããŒãã·ãã£æšé² (promotion of smart-city projects), or occasionally ã¹ããŒãéœåž (ã¹ããŒã + éœåž) in more formal/translated texts. For the AP Topic 4.2 (Digital Society and Smart Living / ããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒãšã¹ããŒãçæŽ») you should recognize the katakana term and its compoundsâquestions often use vocabulary like ã¹ããŒãã·ãã£, ã¹ããŒãã°ãªãã, IoT, and 瀟äŒ5.0. For review, check the Topic 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and practice sets (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture) to see the term in context.
What's the difference between ããžã¿ã«å and ããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒ when talking about Japan's digital transformation?
ç°¡æœã«èšããšãããžã¿ã«åïŒããžã¿ã«åïŒdejitaru-kaïŒã¯ãæç¶ãã»ãµãŒãã¹ã»ããŒã¿ãããžã¿ã«ã«å€ããããã»ã¹ããæãèªã§ãäŸãã°è¡æ¿ã®ãªã³ã©ã€ã³åããã£ãã·ã¥ã¬ã¹æ±ºæžå°å ¥ãäŒæ¥ã®ã¯ã©ãŠãç§»è¡ãIoTå®¶é»ã®æ®åãªã©å ·äœçãªæè¡ã»æœçãæããŸããäžæ¹ãããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒïŒããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒïŒdejitaru shakaiïŒã¯ããããããžã¿ã«åã®çµæã§ããã瀟äŒå šäœã®ç¶æ ãââ5Gãå ãã¡ã€ããŒãã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ãå»çããŒã¿é£æºãããžã¿ã«ããã€ããé«éœ¢è åããªãã©ã·ãŒãªã©ãå«ãåºãæŠå¿µã§ããææ¥ãAPã®åé¡ã§ã¯ãããžã¿ã«åã¯ãæ¿çãæè¡ã®äŸããåããããããããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒã¯ã圱é¿ã»å«çã»å æïŒç€ŸäŒç广ïŒãã説æããåé¡ã«äœ¿ãããŸããåŠç¿ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã¬ã€ãïŒTopic 4.2ïŒã¯ããïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhaxïŒããŠãããå šäœã¯ããïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4ïŒãç·Žç¿åé¡ã¯å€æ°ãããïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-cultureïŒã
I'm confused about when to use formal vs casual Japanese when discussing technology topics - help?
Short answer: use polite/formal (ã§ãã»ãŸã or æ¬èª) for presentations, written responses, and official contexts; use casual (plain) with friends or informal chats. For the AP exam, consistent register mattersâText Chat (Q1) expects appropriate interpersonal register; Presentation (Q4) and Compare/Contrast (Q2) expect formal/polite presentational style. Quick examples: - Formal/presentational: ããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒã§ã¯ã5Gãããã¯ãŒã¯ãIoTå®¶é»ãæ®åããŠããŸããå人æ å ±ä¿è·ãéèŠã§ãã - Casual/conversational: ããžã¿ã«ç€ŸäŒã£ãŠã5GãšãIoTå®¶é»ãã©ãã©ãå¢ããŠããããå人æ å ±ãå¿é ã ãã When to pick which: - School report, cultural presentation, teacher, or public service info â formal. - Friend chat, casual opinion exchange, peer text â casual. Practice switching register in Topic 4.2 tasks (Society 5.0, ã¹ããŒãã·ãã£, ãã£ãã·ã¥ã¬ã¹) so you donât slip on exam rubrics. Review the Unit 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and try 1,000+ practice items (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture).
Can someone explain how to conjugate ãã verbs like ããžã¿ã«åãã in different tenses?
Good questionâãã verbs (ãµå€åè©) like ããžã¿ã«åãã conjugate by replacing ãã. Quick cheat sheet with ããžã¿ã«åãã as example: - Plain present: ããžã¿ã«åãã - Polite present: ããžã¿ã«åããŸã - Plain past: ããžã¿ã«åãã - Polite past: ããžã¿ã«åããŸãã - Plain negative: ããžã¿ã«åããªã - Polite negative/past neg.: ããžã¿ã«åããŸãã / ããžã¿ã«åããŸããã§ãã - Te-form: ããžã¿ã«åã㊠(use for linking or requests) - Passive: ããžã¿ã«åããã / polite: ããžã¿ã«åãããŸã - Causative: ããžã¿ã«åããã - Potential (ability): ããžã¿ã«åã§ãã (often more natural than *ããžã¿ã«åã§ãã vs. *ããžã¿ã«åãåŸã) Notes: use ããžã¿ã«å as a noun + ãã (digitalization). For AP free-response, vary forms (ãŠ-form, passive, polite/plain) to show range and register appropriate to task. For more Topic 4.2 vocab and practice, see the Unit 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and unit page (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4). For extra practice (1000+ problems), try the AP practice page (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture).
What are some good transition phrases I can use when writing about IoT in my AP Japanese essay?
When writing about IoTïŒã¢ã€ãªãŒãã£ãŒïŒin your AP Japanese essay, use clear transitional phrases to organize comparisons, causes/effects, examples, and conclusionsâthis helps meet the Compare and Contrast Article rubricâs requirement for âorganized and clear progressionâ (CED). Useful phrases: - å°å ¥ïŒèŠç¹æç€º: ãŸãïŒãŸãæåã«ïŒæ¬¡ã«ïŒãã€ã³ãã¯ãã§ãã - 察æ¯ïŒæ¯èŒ: äžæ¹ã§ïŒãããïŒããã«å¯ŸããŠïŒãã«æ¯ã¹ãŠïŒå察㫠- åå ïŒçµæ: ãããïŒãã®çµæïŒãããã£ãŠïŒã ããïŒãã«ã€ãªãã - äŸç€º: äŸãã°ïŒå®éã«ïŒå ·äœçã«ã¯ïŒäžäŸãšããŠïŒãã®ããã« - è£è¶³ïŒåæ: ããã«ïŒå ããŠïŒãŸãïŒåæ§ã« - 匷調ïŒçµè«: ç¹ã«ïŒéèŠãªã®ã¯ãã§ããïŒçµè«ãšããŠïŒãŸãšãã㚠䜿ãå Žé¢ãæèããŠãèªåœïŒã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ãã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãAIãããã°ããŒã¿ãããžã¿ã«ããã€ãïŒãšçµã³ã€ãããšåŸç¹ãäžããããç·Žç¿åé¡ã§å®éã«äœ¿ãç·Žç¿ãïŒFiveableã®Unit 4 study guideïŒïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhaxïŒãç·Žç¿åé¡ããŒãžïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-cultureïŒã§ãã£ãŠã¿ãŠã
When do I use ã vs ã with words like ããŒã¿ and æ å ± in sentences about big data?
Short answer: ã marks ããŒã¿ïŒæ å ± as the direct object (what you analyze, collect, store,æäŸãã), while ã marks them as the subject or new/focused information (what exists/changes/is noticed, or whatâs affected in passive/occurrence sentences). Examples: - ããã°ããŒã¿ãè§£æããïŒä¿åããïŒåéããã (You analyze/store/collect dataâã = direct object.) - ããŒã¿ãå¢ããŠããïŒäžè¶³ããŠããïŒæµåºããã (Data is increasing/insufficient/leakedâã = subject, new info.) - å人æ å ±ãå®ãããïŒïŒå®ãããŠããïŒïŒæŒããã (Personal information is protected/was leakedâã with passive/occurrence.) - åéããããŒã¿ã圹ã«ç«ã€ã (Collected data = subject; ã introduces what follows.) Tip for AP free-response: choose ã when the action targets the data, and ã when youâre describing states/changes or introducing the data as the topic of a clause. Practice making short sentences switching ã¯/ã/ã to feel the nuance. For topic review see the Unit 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and try practice sets (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture).
I don't understand the cultural context behind Japan's cashless society push - why is it such a big deal there?
Japan's push for a cashless society matters because it touches culture, demography, and infrastructure all at once. Culturally, Japan historically values cash: low crime, high trust, and a strong cash-based small business sector made physical money normal. Demographically, an aging population and rural areas with limited digital access slow adoption, so the government (Digitalåº, Society 5.0 goals) is promoting mobile payments (PayPay, LINE Pay, Rakuten Pay) and QR/IC technologies to boost convenience, tourism, and fintech growth. Disaster resilience and low fees matter too: cash works when power is out, and small merchants worry about transaction costs and training. The push is therefore as much about changing habits, building 5G/fiber infrastructure, and digital inclusion programs for seniors as it is about technology. For more AP-aligned study on Topic 4.2 see the Fiveable study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture).
How do I form the potential form of verbs when talking about what technology "can do" in Japanese?
To say what technology âcan do,â use the potential form. Formation rules: - Ru-verbs (ã): drop ã, add ããã or more commonly ãâãããâ colloquially ã§ãã? Better: drop ã add ããã (formal) or dropã add ããã/rarely replace with ããã. Example: èŠã â èŠãããïŒãã®ã«ã¡ã©ã§é ãã®ç©ãèŠãããïŒ. - U-verbs (ã): change final ã-sound to the e-row + ã. Example: 䜿ã â 䜿ããïŒãã®ã¢ããªã§å®¶é»ã䜿ããïŒ; æžã â æžããã - Irregular: ããâã§ããïŒAIãåé¡ãè§£ãâAIãåé¡ãè§£ãã is possible but ããâã§ãã often used for âdo/canâïŒïŒæ¥ãâæ¥ãããïŒæ¥ãâæ¥ãããïŒæ¥ãããŸãïŒã For tech vocabulary from Topic 4.2, try: ã¹ããŒãã¹ããŒã«ãŒã鳿¥œãæµããããããããæé€ã§ãããã¢ãã€ã«æ±ºæžã§æ¯æããã On the AP exam, use potential to explain capabilities in presentational and interpersonal tasks (free-response). For more unit review, see the Topic 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and practice problems (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture). Fiveableâs guides and practice questions can help you practice forming these in context.
What's the proper way to pronounce ãã£ãã·ã¥ã¬ã¹ and other katakana tech terms for my speaking exam?
ãã£ãã·ã¥ã¬ã¹ã¯ããã£ïŒkyaïŒïŒãïŒä¿é³ïŒçãç¡é³ïŒïŒã·ã¥ïŒshuïŒïŒã¬ã¹ïŒresuïŒãã§ãã ããããkyasshuresuãã«èãããŸãããã€ã³ãã¯ïŒå°ããã£ã»ã¥ã»ã§ã§äºé³ç¯ãäžã€ã«ãªãïŒã㣠= kyaïŒãå°ãããã¯æ¬¡ã®åé³ã匷ãçãæ¢ããïŒãã£ã-ã·ã¥ â kyassh-uïŒãé·é³ïŒãŒïŒã¯æ¯é³ã䌞ã°ãïŒã¹ããŒã = sumÄtoïŒãããã«ãè±èªç±æ¥èªã®ãããžã¿ã«ïŒdejitaruïŒããã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ïŒsumÄto shitiïŒãã¯æ¥æ¬èªã®é³ç¯ãªãºã ã§ãRã¯è±èªã®Rãããªã軜ããr/ÉŸãé³ã«ããã®ãèªç¶ã§ããçºé³ã®ç·Žç¿ã¯ãã£ããæ£ç¢ºã«ã次ã«èªç¶ãªéãã§ãäŒè©±ã»ãã¬ãŒã³ã®æ¡ç¹ã§ã¯ãèªç¶ãªæµãã»æ£ç¢ºãªçºé³ããè©äŸ¡ãããã®ã§ãç·Žç¿éãå¢ãããŠèªä¿¡ãã€ããŠãããŸãããã詳ããèªåœãäŸã¯Fiveableã®ãããã¯4.2åŠç¿ã¬ã€ãã§ç¢ºèªããŠïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhaxïŒ ã Practice problemsã¯ãã¡ãïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-cultureïŒã
Is there a difference between 人工ç¥èœ and AI when Japanese people talk about artificial intelligence?
Short answer: not reallyâthey refer to the same thing, but the nuance and register can differ. 人工ç¥èœïŒããããã¡ã®ãïŒis the formal Japanese term used in news, academic papers, government policy (e.g., ããžã¿ã«åº discussions of AI, Society 5.0) and exam/CE D-style contexts. People also say AI (ãšãŒã¢ã€) or just the letters âAIâ in everyday conversation, marketing, and tech headlinesâit feels more casual, trendy, or business-oriented. In practice âAIâ often points to commercial services (ãã£ããããããé¡èªèãæ©æ¢°åŠç¿ã¢ããª) while 人工ç¥èœ is used when discussing technical, ethical, or policy issues (ããã°ããŒã¿è§£æããµã€ããŒã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãæ³èŠå¶). Both are fine; match your word choice to register on the exam (use 人工ç¥èœ for formal writing/presentation). For more Topic 4.2 review and practice, check the Unit 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and try practice problems (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture).
I missed class and I'm lost - what grammar patterns should I use when describing smart city features?
When describing smart-city features, use clear structures to show function, cause/effect, comparison, and examples: - 説æïŒç®ç: ãã¯ãããïŒã«ïŒïŒãããšã§ïŒãããã«ïŒãããã«ïŒã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã¯ãšãã«ã®ãŒãç¯çŽããããã«äœ¿ãããŠããïŒ - åå ã»çµæ: ãã®ã§ïŒãããïŒ5Gã®æ®åã«ãããéä¿¡ãé«éåããïŒ - ååã»å¯èœ: ïœãããïŒãããšãã§ããïŒé¡èªèšŒã§å ¥é€šãå¯èœã«ãªãïŒ - æ¯èŒã»éžæ: AããBã®ã»ãããïŒãã»ãã«ïŒå ãã¡ã€ããŒãã5Gã®ã»ããå©äŸ¿æ§ãé«ãïŒ - æšéã»è©äŸ¡: ããšæãããïŒããšèšãããŠããïŒããããããšèããããïŒããã°ããŒã¿è§£æã«ããäº€éæžæ»ãæžããšèããããïŒ - äŸç€º: äŸãã°ïŒããªã©ïŒäŸãã°ãPayPayãªã©ã®ãã£ãã·ã¥ã¬ã¹æ±ºæžïŒ - æ¥ç¶è¡šçŸïŒçºå±ïŒ: ãäžæ¹ã§ïŒãããïŒãã®çµæïŒããžã¿ã«ããã€ããåé¡ã«ãªãäžæ¹ã§ãããžã¿ã«åºã®æœçãé²ãïŒ For AP free-response, practice using these forms in text-chat and compare/contrast prompts (use the Unit 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and unit overview (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4)). For extra practice, try the 1000+ problems (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture). Fiveableâs study guides and practice questions are especially helpful.
How do I use ãšããã®ã¯ correctly when explaining what Society 5.0 means in Japanese?
ããšããã®ã¯ãã¯èª¬æã»å®çŸ©ãããšãã«ããã䟿å©ã§ããSociety 5.0ã説æãããšãã®åºæ¬ãã¿ãŒã³ãšäŸãèŠããŠãããšããã§ãã - å®çŸ©ããïŒãã®èšèãäœãã瀺ãïŒïŒSociety 5.0ãšããã®ã¯ã人工ç¥èœãIoTã䜿ã£ãŠç€ŸäŒèª²é¡ã解決ãã人éäžå¿ã®è¶ ã¹ããŒã瀟äŒãç®æãç念ã§ãã - 匷調ããŠè©³ãã説æããïŒSociety 5.0ãšããã®ã¯ã5Gãããã°ããŒã¿ãã¹ããŒãã·ãã£æè¡ãçµ±åããŠç掻ã®è³ªãåäžãããåãçµã¿ã®ããšã§ãã - 察æ¯ããŠèª¬æããïŒäŒŒãèªãšã®å·®ïŒïŒSociety 5.0ãšããã®ã¯åãªãæ å ±åïŒæ å ±ç€ŸäŒïŒã§ã¯ãªããç©ç空éãšãµã€ããŒç©ºéãèåããæ¬¡ã®æ®µéã§ãã ãã€ã³ãïŒäž»èªãšããŠäœ¿ããšãã¯ããšããã®ã¯ïŒèª¬ææããèšãæããå®çŸ©ã®ãšãã¯ãããšããæå³ã ïŒãã®ããšã ããç¶ãããšèªç¶ããã¬ãŒã³ïŒFree-Response Q4ïŒãæ¯èŒèšäºïŒQ2ïŒã§å®çŸ©ããŠããå ·äœäŸïŒã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãé éå»çãã¹ããŒãã°ãªããïŒãæãããšé«åŸç¹ã«ã€ãªãããŸãã詳ããã¯Topic 4.2ã®ãŸãšãïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhaxïŒããŠãããæŠèŠïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4ïŒãèŠãŠãç·Žç¿åé¡ãããããè§£ããŠæ £ããŠãã ããïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-cultureïŒã
What are some polite expressions I should use when discussing digital divide issues affecting elderly people?
Use polite, respectful Japanese (ã§ãïŒãŸã) and empathetic phrases when talking about the digital divide and elderly people. For conversations and free-response tasks on the AP exam, keep register consistent and formal. Useful expressions (Japanese + brief English): - é«éœ¢è ã®æ¹ïŒããããããã®ããïŒâelderly people (respectful) - ãäžäŸ¿ãæããŠããŸããããâAre you experiencing any inconvenience? - æäœãé£ãããšãã£ããã£ãŠããŸãïŒæããŠããã£ããããŸãããâDo you feel the operation is difficult? - äœããæäŒãã§ããããšã¯ãããŸãããâIs there anything I can help with? - ããžã¿ã«ãªãã©ã·ãŒæ¯æŽïŒããã°ã©ã ïŒãå°å ¥ããããšãæ€èšããŠããŸãããæèŠã䌺ããŸãããâWeâre considering a digital literacy program. May I ask your opinion? - ãååããã ããŸããšå©ãããŸããâIâd appreciate your cooperation. - ãæ°æã¡ããèãããã ãããâPlease tell me how you feel. - ãè¿·æããããããŠç³ãèš³ãããŸãããâIâm sorry for the inconvenience. On the AP exam, especially in Conversation (Q3) and Presentation (Q4), consistently use polite/formal language and show empathy while giving concrete proposals (äŸïŒå°åã®è¬åº§ãç°¡åãªUIå°å ¥). For more Topic 4.2 review, see the AP Unit 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and try AP practice problems (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture).
When writing about IoT, should I use present tense or future tense to describe current smart home technology?
Use present tense to describe current smart-home IoT features (äŸïŒã¹ããŒãå®¶é»ã飿ºããŠããïŒé³å£°ã¢ã·ã¹ã¿ã³ãã§æäœã§ãã). Use future tense when you talk about planned developments or visions (äŸïŒä»åŸãã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒãããã«æ®åããã ããïŒSociety 5.0ã§ã¯ãã«ãªã). For AP tasks (Compare & Contrast article or Cultural Perspective), keep tense consistent within each paragraphâmixing tenses can hurt coherence and your score on Task Completion and Language Use. Mention specifics from the CED vocab (IoTå®¶é»ãã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã人工ç¥èœã5Gãããã¯ãŒã¯) and give examples in present tense when describing how things work now. Want practice switching tenses in model paragraphs? Check the Topic 4 study guide (https://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhax) and try practice questions (https://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-culture) to improve tense control.
Can someone give me example sentences using ã¹ããŒã + noun combinations for my vocabulary quiz?
ããããã¹ããŒãïŒåè©ã®äŸæãããã€ãæž¡ãããåèªã¯Topic 4.2ïŒã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã»IoTã»ã¹ããŒãå®¶é»ïŒã§ããåºããããããªãŒã©ã€ãã£ã³ã°ããã¬ãŒã³ã§äœ¿ããšèªåœåã¢ããŒã«ã«ãªããïŒAPã®Free-Responseã§ãèªåœã®å¹ ã¯éèŠïŒã詳ãã埩ç¿ã¯Fiveableã®ãããã¯ã¬ã€ãåç §ïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/ap-japanese-language-and-culture/unit-4/contemporary-life-japan/study-guide/976Y9nAwzuzEyzbWNhaxïŒïŒç·Žç¿åé¡ã¯ããïŒhttps://library.fiveable.me/practice/ap-japanese-language-and-cultureïŒã äŸæïŒæ¥æ¬èªâè±èªïŒ 1. ã¹ããŒãã·ãã£ã§ã¯äº€éããŒã¿ã䜿ã£ãŠæžæ»ãæžããã (Smart cities use traffic data to reduce congestion.) 2. æ°ãããã³ã·ã§ã³ã¯ã¹ããŒãããŒã æ©èœãå å®ããŠããã (The new apartment has many smart-home features.) 3. ã¹ããŒãã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã§é»æ°ã®äœ¿çšéããªã¢ã«ã¿ã€ã ã§ç¢ºèªã§ããã (You can check electricity usage in real time with a smart meter.) 4. ã¹ããŒãã°ãªããã¯åçå¯èœãšãã«ã®ãŒã®å°å ¥ãå©ããã (Smart grids help integrate renewable energy.) 5. å€ãã®åºããã£ãã·ã¥ã¬ã¹åã§ã¹ããŒã決æžãå°å ¥ããã (Many shops introduced smart payments with cashless systems.) 6. é«éœ¢è åãã®ã¹ããŒãä»è·ãããããé éã§å¥åº·ãèŠå®ãã (Smart care robots remotely monitor seniorsâ health.) 7. ã¹ããŒãå®¶é»ã¯çãšããšå©äŸ¿æ§ãäž¡ç«ããŠããã (Smart appliances combine energy saving and convenience.) 8. åžã®ã¹ããŒãã€ã³ãã©æè³ãããžã¿ã«ããã€ãã®è§£æ¶ã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã (Municipal smart infrastructure investment helps close the digital divide.) èŠããããããã¹ããã£ãããæ¯èŒèšäºã§ããããèªç¶ã«äœ¿ã£ãŠã¿ãŠãFiveableã®ã¬ã€ããšç·Žç¿åé¡ã§ããã«ç·Žç¿ããŠãã

