Electromagnetism II

Unit 1 – Maxwell's equations

Unit 2 – Electromagnetic waves

Unit 3 – Waveguides & Transmission Lines

Unit 4 – Antennas and radiation

Unit 5 – Electrodynamics & Special Relativity

Unit 6 – Electromagnetic Potentials & Fields

Unit 7 – Magnetostatics & Magnetic Materials

Unit 8 – Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's Law

Unit 9 – Electromagnetic Energy & Poynting Vector

Unit 10 – Electromagnetic Boundaries and Interfaces

Unit 11 – Electromagnetic Compatibility & Interference

## What do you learn in Electromagnetism II

Electromagnetism II dives deeper into Maxwell's equations and their applications. You'll explore electromagnetic waves, wave guides, and radiation from antennas. The course covers topics like energy and momentum in electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic potentials, and the interaction of fields with matter. You'll also get into special relativity and its connection to electromagnetism.

## Is Electromagnetism II hard?

Electromagnetism II can be pretty challenging. The math gets more intense, with vector calculus and differential equations popping up everywhere. The concepts are also more abstract, which can make them harder to grasp. But don't worry, it's not impossible. With some solid study habits and a good grasp of the basics from Electromagnetism I, you can definitely handle it.

## Tips for taking Electromagnetism II in college

1. Use [Fiveable Study Guides](https://fiveable.me/cram-mode) to help you cram 🌶️
2. Practice, practice, practice solving problems. Especially those involving Gauss's law and Ampère's law.
3. Visualize the fields. Draw diagrams and use online simulations to help understand concepts like Faraday's law.
4. Form a study group. Explaining concepts like Poynting vectors to others can really solidify your understanding.
5. Don't fall behind. The material builds on itself, so keep up with the lectures and homework.
6. Watch Walter Lewin's MIT lectures on YouTube for a different perspective on tough concepts.
7. Read "A Student's Guide to Maxwell's Equations" by Daniel Fleisch for extra help.

## Common pre-requisites for Electromagnetism II

1. Electromagnetism I: This course covers the basics of electric and magnetic fields, Coulomb's law, and Gauss's law. It sets the foundation for more advanced electromagnetic concepts.

2. Vector Calculus: This math course dives into multivariable calculus, including vector fields, line integrals, and Stokes' theorem. It's crucial for understanding the math behind electromagnetic fields.

3. Differential Equations: This class teaches you how to solve various types of differential equations. It's essential for understanding Maxwell's equations and wave equations in electromagnetism.

## Classes similar to Electromagnetism II

1. Quantum Mechanics: This course explores the behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic level. It delves into wave functions, the Schrödinger equation, and the quantum nature of light.

2. Classical Mechanics: This class focuses on the motion of objects under the influence of forces. It covers topics like Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics, which have some parallels with electromagnetic theory.

3. Optics: This course studies the behavior and properties of light. It covers topics like interference, diffraction, and polarization, which are closely related to electromagnetic waves.

4. Plasma Physics: This class explores the physics of ionized gases. It applies electromagnetic theory to understand the behavior of charged particles in plasmas.

## Majors related to Electromagnetism II

1. Physics: Focuses on understanding the fundamental laws of nature. Physics majors study a wide range of phenomena from subatomic particles to the cosmos.

2. Electrical Engineering: Applies principles of electricity and magnetism to design and develop electrical systems. Electrical engineers work on everything from power systems to microelectronics.

3. Materials Science: Explores the properties and applications of various materials. Materials scientists often deal with the electromagnetic properties of materials.

4. Astrophysics: Studies celestial objects and phenomena using principles of physics. Astrophysicists often apply electromagnetic theory to understand cosmic radiation and stellar processes.

## What can you do with a degree in Electromagnetism II?

1. Research Physicist: Conducts experiments and develops theories to advance our understanding of physical phenomena. Research physicists might work in academia, national labs, or private research institutions.

2. Electrical Engineer: Designs and develops electrical systems and equipment. They might work on projects ranging from power generation and distribution to consumer electronics.

3. Telecommunications Engineer: Designs and maintains communication systems. They apply electromagnetic theory to develop antennas, satellite systems, and other communication technologies.

4. Medical Physicist: Applies physics principles to medicine, particularly in radiation therapy and medical imaging. They use their knowledge of electromagnetic radiation to develop and improve diagnostic and treatment techniques.

## Electromagnetism II FAQs

1. How much programming is involved in Electromagnetism II? While the course primarily focuses on theory, some programs might incorporate computational problems using languages like Python or MATLAB to simulate electromagnetic fields.

2. Can I take Electromagnetism II if I struggled with Electromagnetism I? It's possible, but you might find it challenging. It's a good idea to review the key concepts from Electromagnetism I before starting.

3. How relevant is Electromagnetism II for computer science majors? While not directly related, the course can be beneficial for understanding electromagnetic interference in computer hardware and for specializations like quantum computing.

Physics

1.1 Gauss's law for electric fields

1.2 Gauss's law for magnetic fields

1.3 Faraday's law

1.4 Ampère's circuital law

1.5 Displacement current

1.6 Continuity equation

2.2 Plane waves

2.3 Polarization

2.1 Wave equation

2.6 Attenuation

2.5 Dispersion

2.4 Reflection and refraction

3.2 Rectangular waveguides

3.1 Parallel plate waveguides

3.3 Coaxial transmission lines

3.4 Microstrip transmission lines

3.5 Impedance matching

3.6 Smith chart

4.1 Dipole antennas

4.2 Monopole antennas

4.5 Radiation pattern

4.6 Friis transmission equation

4.3 Antenna arrays

4.4 Antenna gain and directivity

5.1 Lorentz force

5.2 Relativistic electrodynamics

5.3 Covariant formulation of Maxwell's equations

5.4 Relativistic Doppler effect

5.5 Relativistic beaming

5.6 Liénard-Wiechert potentials

6.1 Scalar potential

6.2 Vector potential

6.3 Coulomb gauge

6.4 Lorenz gauge

6.5 Retarded potentials

6.6 Multipole expansion

7.1 Biot-Savart law

7.2 Magnetic scalar potential

7.5 Magnetic susceptibility

7.4 Magnetization

7.3 Magnetic vector potential

7.6 Ferromagnetism

8.1 Faraday's law of induction

8.2 Lenz's law

8.3 Motional EMF

8.4 Eddy currents

8.5 Inductance

8.6 Mutual inductance

9.1 Electromagnetic energy density

9.2 Poynting vector

9.3 Energy conservation

9.4 Energy flow in waveguides

9.5 Energy flow in transmission lines

9.6 Electromagnetic stress tensor

10.3 Fresnel equations

10.4 Brewster's angle

10.5 Total internal reflection

10.6 Surface plasmons

10.1 Boundary conditions for electric fields

10.2 Boundary conditions for magnetic fields

11.1 Electromagnetic interference (EMI)

11.2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

11.3 Shielding effectiveness

11.4 Grounding and bonding

11.5 Electromagnetic pulse (EMP)

11.6 Electromagnetic spectrum management

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