| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aesthetic problems | Issues related to artistic, creative, or design-based inquiry concerning beauty, form, or artistic expression. |
| challenge | To question, dispute, or provide evidence against an existing idea or assumption. |
| complexities | The multiple interconnected factors, perspectives, and nuances that make a problem or issue difficult to understand fully. |
| complexity of a problem | The multifaceted nature of an issue that involves multiple factors, perspectives, and considerations requiring thorough examination. |
| context | The circumstances, background information, and existing knowledge in a field that frame and give meaning to a research question or project goal. |
| contradictory perspectives | Viewpoints that directly oppose or conflict with one another regarding a problem or issue. |
| corroborate | To confirm, support, or provide evidence that strengthens an existing idea or finding. |
| divergent perspectives | Viewpoints that differ significantly or move in different directions in their interpretation of a problem or issue. |
| extend | To expand upon, build upon, or develop further an existing idea or body of knowledge. |
| feasibility | The practical possibility of conducting a research project given available resources, time, and constraints. |
| inquiry | The process of asking questions and investigating a topic in order to confirm, challenge, or develop understanding. |
| inquiry process | A systematic approach to research that draws upon curiosity and imagination to explore complex issues and develop understanding. |
| interpretive problems | Issues involving the analysis, explanation, or understanding of meaning, texts, or phenomena within a scholarly context. |
| multiple perspectives | Different viewpoints or ways of understanding a problem or issue based on various experiences, backgrounds, and ideas. |
| origins | The sources, causes, or historical roots from which a problem or issue emerges. |
| practical problems | Real-world, applied issues that require solutions or improvements in practice or implementation. |
| problem or issue | A topic or situation that requires investigation and understanding, serving as the starting point for research inquiry. |
| project goal | The intended outcome or objective that a research project or scholarly inquiry aims to achieve. |
| purpose | The intended goal or objective of scholarly inquiry, which may be to address practical, theoretical, interpretive, or aesthetic problems. |
| research question | A focused inquiry that guides scholarly investigation and defines what the researcher seeks to explore, explain, or understand. |
| scholarly community | The collective group of scholars and researchers within a discipline who share common standards, practices, and interests in advancing knowledge. |
| scholarly inquiry | A systematic and rigorous investigation or research project conducted according to academic standards and methods. |
| scope | The boundaries and extent of a research project, including what is included and excluded from the inquiry. |
| significance | The importance and relevance of scholarly inquiry to the broader scholarly community and its contribution to existing knowledge. |
| theoretical problems | Conceptual or abstract issues related to understanding fundamental principles, concepts, or frameworks within a discipline. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| assumption | Underlying beliefs or premises that are taken for granted without proof or verification. |
| brainstorming | A strategy for generating and organizing ideas by freely expressing thoughts about a topic without initial judgment or evaluation. |
| concept mapping | A visual strategy for organizing and connecting ideas by diagramming relationships between concepts and topics. |
| cultural context | The social, cultural, and historical background that shapes how people understand and interpret information and knowledge. |
| inquiry | The process of asking questions and investigating a topic in order to confirm, challenge, or develop understanding. |
| prewriting | A strategy used before formal writing to explore, organize, and develop ideas about a topic. |
| prior knowledge | Existing understanding, information, and experiences that a person already possesses about a topic before beginning new inquiry or research. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| bibliography | A complete list of all sources cited and consulted in an academic paper, formatted according to the appropriate disciplinary style. |
| citation generators | Online tools used to automatically create and format citations for sources. |
| data sets | Collections of data that can be analyzed using software tools to identify patterns and draw conclusions. |
| online databases | Digital repositories that catalog and house secondary and primary sources, such as EBSCO, ProQuest, JSTOR, and Google Scholar. |
| primary sources | Original documents or materials created at the time of an event, such as letters, photographs, or firsthand accounts. |
| secondary sources | Sources that interpret, analyze, or discuss primary sources, such as books, articles, or scholarly analyses written after an event. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alternate approaches | Different methods or strategies used to achieve research goals when the initial approach encounters difficulties or proves ineffective. |
| artistic processes | Creative approaches to inquiry that may include generating, conceptualizing, testing, and refining aesthetic approaches such as workshopping, storyboarding, composing, choreographing, staging, and model-making. |
| author's perspective | The viewpoint, bias, and assumptions that influence how an author presents information and interprets data. |
| authoritative | Recognized as having expert knowledge and trustworthy expertise in a particular subject area. |
| coding | The process of organizing and categorizing data or information to identify patterns, themes, or meaningful units. |
| contextualization | The process of placing a research problem within its broader circumstances, background, and framework to understand its significance and scope. |
| copyright laws | Legal protections that govern the use, reproduction, and distribution of original creative works and intellectual property. |
| correlations | Statistical relationships between two or more variables indicating how they vary together. |
| credibility | The quality of being trustworthy and believable, which is enhanced through accurate and ethical attribution of sources. |
| data analysis | The process of examining and interpreting collected data or information to identify patterns, trends, and meaning. |
| data collection | The process of gathering information or evidence through various methods to address a research question or project goal. |
| data collection instrument | The tool or method used to gather information from respondents or observers, such as surveys, questionnaires, or observation protocols. |
| descriptive statistics | Statistical methods used to summarize and display data characteristics such as mean, median, and standard deviation. |
| ethical research practices | Conducting research in accordance with moral principles and established guidelines to ensure responsible and honest scholarly work. |
| feasibility | The practical possibility of conducting a research project given available resources, time, and constraints. |
| generalizability | The extent to which research findings and conclusions can be applied to broader populations or contexts beyond the specific study. |
| inferences | Conclusions drawn from data or evidence that extend beyond the immediate observations to make broader claims. |
| inferential statistics | Statistical methods used to analyze data and draw conclusions about a larger population based on a sample. |
| inquiry process | A systematic approach to research that draws upon curiosity and imagination to explore complex issues and develop understanding. |
| institutional review board | A committee that reviews and approves research proposals involving human subjects to ensure ethical standards and protect participant rights. |
| intellectual property | Original creations of the mind, including written works, inventions, and personal information, that are protected by law from unauthorized use. |
| interpretation of texts | A qualitative method of analyzing written or recorded materials to extract meaning and understanding. |
| interviews | A qualitative data collection method involving direct conversation between a researcher and participant to gather information and insights. |
| long-term project | An extended research or inquiry effort that requires sustained effort over an extended period of time. |
| methods of inquiry | The systematic approaches, procedures, and techniques used to investigate questions or create artistic works. |
| mixed methods | A research approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques. |
| modeling | A quantitative method of representing data or phenomena through mathematical or visual representations. |
| observational notes | Qualitative data recorded by a researcher through direct observation of phenomena, behaviors, or events. |
| open-ended survey questions | Survey questions that allow respondents to provide detailed, unrestricted responses rather than selecting from predetermined options. |
| patent laws | Legal protections that grant inventors exclusive rights to their inventions and prevent unauthorized use or reproduction of patented work. |
| pattern | Recurring sequences, structures, or relationships identified in evidence. |
| peer-reviewed | A process in which scholarly articles are evaluated and approved by disciplinary experts before publication. |
| perseverance | The ability to persist and continue working toward goals despite difficulties, setbacks, or obstacles in a research project. |
| population | The entire group or collection from which a sample is drawn in a research study. |
| precise measurements | Quantitative data collection involving exact, accurate numerical values obtained through standardized procedures. |
| project goal | The intended outcome or objective that a research project or scholarly inquiry aims to achieve. |
| qualitative research | A research method that focuses on understanding phenomena through descriptive data, such as interviews, observations, and open-ended responses. |
| quantitative research | A research method that focuses on measuring and analyzing numerical data using precise measurements and statistical procedures. |
| relevance | The quality of evidence being directly related to and supporting the specific claims or arguments being made. |
| reliability | The consistency and dependability of conclusions and data, reflecting how trustworthy and reproducible the results are. |
| research methods | The systematic procedures and techniques used to collect, analyze, and interpret data in a study. |
| research question | A focused inquiry that guides scholarly investigation and defines what the researcher seeks to explore, explain, or understand. |
| sample | A subset of a population or collection of artifacts selected for study in a research project. |
| scholarly inquiry | A systematic and rigorous investigation or research project conducted according to academic standards and methods. |
| scope | The boundaries and extent of a research project, including what is included and excluded from the inquiry. |
| self-sufficiency | The ability to work independently and solve problems on one's own while conducting research, even while seeking guidance from experts. |
| setbacks | Unexpected obstacles, failures, or delays that occur during the research process and require adaptation or alternative approaches. |
| structured data collection instruments | Validated tools and procedures used in quantitative research to systematically gather consistent and comparable data. |
| themes | Recurring ideas, concepts, or categories that emerge from organized and analyzed data or information. |
| triangulation | A method of combining multiple qualitative and/or quantitative data sources to verify and corroborate findings. |
| validity | The degree to which evidence is sound, reliable, and actually supports the claims being made. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aesthetic | The principles of beauty, artistic taste, and sensory qualities that characterize a work of art. |
| annotating | A reading strategy where a reader marks or writes notes directly on a text to highlight key ideas and personal responses. |
| argument | A reasoned position supported by evidence and logic to convey a perspective, point of view, or version of the truth. |
| assumption | Underlying beliefs or premises that are taken for granted without proof or verification. |
| claim | Statements or assertions that form the foundation of an argument and require support. |
| conclusion | Final judgments or determinations reached through analysis of evidence in research. |
| context | The circumstances, background information, and existing knowledge in a field that frame and give meaning to a research question or project goal. |
| evidence | Information, data, or examples used to support or prove claims in an argument, including facts, observations, predictions, analogies, and explanations. |
| faulty generalizations | Broad statements or conclusions drawn from insufficient or unrepresentative evidence, leading to inaccurate claims. |
| highlighting | A reading strategy where a reader marks important passages or key information in a text for emphasis and later reference. |
| line of reasoning | A clear, logical path that guides the audience through reasons and evidence to reach a conclusion. |
| main idea | The central or most important point that a text communicates. |
| note-taking | A reading strategy where a reader records key information and ideas from a text in written form. |
| oversimplification | The reduction of a complex argument to an overly simple form that loses important details or nuance. |
| perspective | An individual's point of view on an issue, shaped by their background, experiences, culture, education, assumptions, and worldview. |
| questioning | A reading strategy where a reader asks questions about the text to engage with and understand its content. |
| reading aloud | A reading strategy where a reader vocalizes text to enhance comprehension and engagement with the material. |
| reading critically | Reading closely to identify the main idea, tone, assumptions, context, perspective, line of reasoning, and evidence used in a text. |
| rereading | A reading strategy where a reader goes through a text again to deepen understanding or clarify meaning. |
| scanning | A reading strategy where a reader quickly searches through a text to locate specific information. |
| skimming | A reading strategy where a reader quickly moves through a text to get a general overview or identify main points. |
| structure | The way a work is organized or arranged, including how its parts are assembled and relate to one another. |
| style | The distinctive manner of expression in writing, including word choice, sentence structure, and tone. |
| subject | The topic, theme, or content that is depicted or addressed in a work of art or literature. |
| thesis statement | A sentence or series of sentences that expresses the main argument or central claim of a written work. |
| tone | The writer's attitude or emotional stance toward a topic, conveyed through word choice and sentence structure. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alignment | The degree to which the purposes, goals, and methods of an inquiry are consistent with and support each other. |
| argument | A reasoned position supported by evidence and logic to convey a perspective, point of view, or version of the truth. |
| bias | A personal preference, prejudice, or inclination that may influence an author's interpretation of evidence and conclusions. |
| causal relationships | Connections that show how one element causes or directly influences another. |
| causality | The relationship between a cause and its effect, used as a purpose for organizing arguments. |
| claim | Statements or assertions that form the foundation of an argument and require support. |
| comparative relationships | Connections that show similarities and differences between elements of evidence. |
| concession | An acknowledgment of the validity or strength of an opposing argument or point. |
| conclusion | Final judgments or determinations reached through analysis of evidence in research. |
| context | The circumstances, background information, and existing knowledge in a field that frame and give meaning to a research question or project goal. |
| correlational relationships | Connections that show how two elements vary together without necessarily implying causation. |
| counterargument | Arguments that oppose or challenge the main argument's position. |
| credibility | The quality of being trustworthy and believable, which is enhanced through accurate and ethical attribution of sources. |
| deductive reasoning | A logical approach where a general claim is followed by specific evidence to support it. |
| evidence | Information, data, or examples used to support or prove claims in an argument, including facts, observations, predictions, analogies, and explanations. |
| fallacies | Errors in reasoning or flawed arguments used to persuade readers, often manipulatively. |
| generalization | A broad conclusion drawn from limited examples or data, which may not account for exceptions or complexity. |
| goal | The specific objectives or desired results that a researcher or artist aims to achieve through their inquiry or work. |
| implication | The potential consequences, applications, or broader significance of research findings. |
| inductive reasoning | A logical approach where specific evidence leads to a general conclusion. |
| internal coherence | The logical consistency and interconnectedness of elements within a study, work, or argument, where components align with and support each other. |
| limitation | Constraints, boundaries, or weaknesses in research methodology, data, or scope that affect the validity or applicability of conclusions. |
| line of reasoning | A clear, logical path that guides the audience through reasons and evidence to reach a conclusion. |
| logical alignment | The coherent connection between evidence, reasoning, and conclusions in an argument. |
| methods of inquiry | The systematic approaches, procedures, and techniques used to investigate questions or create artistic works. |
| nuance | Subtle distinctions, complexities, or shades of meaning within an argument. |
| opposing views | Alternative perspectives or counterarguments that differ from the main position being argued. |
| oversimplification | The reduction of a complex argument to an overly simple form that loses important details or nuance. |
| pattern | Recurring sequences, structures, or relationships identified in evidence. |
| purpose | The intended goal or objective of scholarly inquiry, which may be to address practical, theoretical, interpretive, or aesthetic problems. |
| qualitative evidence | Evidence based on descriptions, observations, and explanations rather than numerical data. |
| quantitative evidence | Evidence based on numerical data, statistics, and measurable information. |
| reason | Logical explanations that connect evidence to claims and support the argument's position. |
| rebuttal | A direct response or counter-response to an opposing argument or criticism. |
| refutation | A response that disproves or argues against an opposing claim or counterargument. |
| relevance | The quality of evidence being directly related to and supporting the specific claims or arguments being made. |
| tone | The writer's attitude or emotional stance toward a topic, conveyed through word choice and sentence structure. |
| trend | General directions or tendencies shown by data or evidence over time. |
| validity | The degree to which evidence is sound, reliable, and actually supports the claims being made. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ambiguous | Ideas or perspectives that are unclear, open to multiple interpretations, or lacking a single definitive meaning. |
| argument | A reasoned position supported by evidence and logic to convey a perspective, point of view, or version of the truth. |
| assumption | Underlying beliefs or premises that are taken for granted without proof or verification. |
| background | The combination of an individual's experiences, culture, and education that influences their perspective on an issue. |
| competing perspectives | Multiple viewpoints that vie for acceptance or validity, each presenting different interpretations or solutions. |
| complementary perspectives | Perspectives that differ but work together to provide a more complete understanding of an issue. |
| concurring perspectives | Perspectives that agree or align with one another on an issue. |
| perspective | An individual's point of view on an issue, shaped by their background, experiences, culture, education, assumptions, and worldview. |
| worldview | A comprehensive perspective or set of beliefs through which an individual interprets and understands the world and issues within it. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alternate perspectives | Different viewpoints or positions that differ from the primary or mainstream argument being considered. |
| assumption | Underlying beliefs or premises that are taken for granted without proof or verification. |
| competing perspectives | Multiple viewpoints that vie for acceptance or validity, each presenting different interpretations or solutions. |
| core values | Fundamental beliefs and principles that are central to a person's worldview and decision-making. |
| critical thinkers | Individuals who analyze arguments and information carefully, considering multiple perspectives and evaluating evidence objectively. |
| emotional appeals | Arguments that attempt to persuade by evoking feelings or emotions rather than relying on logic or evidence. |
| implication | The potential consequences, applications, or broader significance of research findings. |
| limitation | Constraints, boundaries, or weaknesses in research methodology, data, or scope that affect the validity or applicability of conclusions. |
| logic | The system of reasoning used to evaluate the validity and coherence of arguments. |
| opposing perspectives | Viewpoints that directly contradict or stand in contrast to another argument or position. |
| personal biases | Preconceived preferences or prejudices that influence how a person perceives and evaluates information. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aesthetic rationale | A reasoned explanation of formal and stylistic choices made in creating an artistic work. |
| argument | A reasoned position supported by evidence and logic to convey a perspective, point of view, or version of the truth. |
| causal reasoning | A method of organizing arguments that establishes cause-and-effect relationships. |
| causality | The relationship between a cause and its effect, used as a purpose for organizing arguments. |
| claim | Statements or assertions that form the foundation of an argument and require support. |
| comparative reasoning | A method of organizing arguments that examines similarities and differences between ideas or subjects. |
| concession | An acknowledgment of the validity or strength of an opposing argument or point. |
| conclusion | Final judgments or determinations reached through analysis of evidence in research. |
| convention | Established practices, standards, and expectations for how scholars in a discipline conduct research, analyze information, and communicate findings. |
| correlational reasoning | A method of organizing arguments that shows relationships or connections between variables or ideas. |
| counterargument | Arguments that oppose or challenge the main argument's position. |
| deductive reasoning | A logical approach where a general claim is followed by specific evidence to support it. |
| disciplinary approach | A method of inquiry and analysis specific to a particular field of study, using that discipline's conventions, terminology, and ways of knowing. |
| discipline-specific terminology | Specialized vocabulary and language conventions used within a particular field of study to communicate concepts and ideas precisely. |
| evidence | Information, data, or examples used to support or prove claims in an argument, including facts, observations, predictions, analogies, and explanations. |
| foundational texts | Seminal works and key scholarly sources that establish the core concepts, methods, and perspectives of a discipline. |
| inductive reasoning | A logical approach where specific evidence leads to a general conclusion. |
| interdisciplinary approach | A method of inquiry that combines perspectives, methods, and knowledge from multiple disciplines to address a research question or topic. |
| line of reasoning | A clear, logical path that guides the audience through reasons and evidence to reach a conclusion. |
| qualifiers | Words or phrases that limit or modify the scope of a claim to avoid overgeneralization. |
| reason | Logical explanations that connect evidence to claims and support the argument's position. |
| rebuttal | A direct response or counter-response to an opposing argument or criticism. |
| refutation | A response that disproves or argues against an opposing claim or counterargument. |
| scholarly argument | A reasoned position or claim supported by evidence and analysis using discipline-specific conventions and terminology. |
| thesis | The main idea or central claim of an argument that the writer seeks to prove or support. |
| ways of knowing | The methods, epistemologies, and approaches that a discipline uses to investigate questions and establish knowledge. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| argument | A reasoned position supported by evidence and logic to convey a perspective, point of view, or version of the truth. |
| causal relationships | Connections that show how one element causes or directly influences another. |
| claim | Statements or assertions that form the foundation of an argument and require support. |
| commentary | Explanation or analysis that connects evidence to the thesis and clarifies its significance. |
| comparative relationships | Connections that show similarities and differences between elements of evidence. |
| correlational relationships | Connections that show how two elements vary together without necessarily implying causation. |
| credibility | The quality of being trustworthy and believable, which is enhanced through accurate and ethical attribution of sources. |
| evidence | Information, data, or examples used to support or prove claims in an argument, including facts, observations, predictions, analogies, and explanations. |
| inference | A conclusion drawn from evidence or reasoning rather than explicitly stated. |
| interpretation | The process of explaining the meaning or significance of evidence in relation to a claim. |
| pattern | Recurring sequences, structures, or relationships identified in evidence. |
| primary sources | Original documents or materials created at the time of an event, such as letters, photographs, or firsthand accounts. |
| qualitative data | Non-numerical information collected through observations, interviews, or textual analysis that describes qualities or characteristics. |
| quantitative data | Numerical information that can be measured, counted, or analyzed using statistical methods. |
| reasoning | The logical connection between evidence and claims that explains why the evidence supports the argument. |
| relationships | Connections or associations between different elements, such as comparative, causal, or correlational links. |
| secondary sources | Sources that interpret, analyze, or discuss primary sources, such as books, articles, or scholarly analyses written after an event. |
| trend | General directions or tendencies shown by data or evidence over time. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| appropriation | The use of existing works, materials, or ideas in new creative works, which carries legal and ethical implications requiring proper credit and attribution. |
| attribution | The act of crediting and acknowledging the source of ideas, words, or works used in one's own writing or research. |
| citation style | A standardized format for crediting and referencing sources in academic work (e.g., MLA, APA, Chicago). |
| credibility | The quality of being trustworthy and believable, which is enhanced through accurate and ethical attribution of sources. |
| paraphrasing | Restating an idea or passage from a source in one's own words while still crediting the original source. |
| plagiarism | The serious offense of presenting another person's ideas or words as one's own without proper acknowledgment or attribution. |
| quoting | Using the exact words of another person or source and enclosing them in quotation marks with proper attribution. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| advantages | Positive aspects or benefits of a proposed option or solution. |
| assumption | Underlying beliefs or premises that are taken for granted without proof or verification. |
| conclusion | Final judgments or determinations reached through analysis of evidence in research. |
| disadvantages | Negative aspects, drawbacks, or limitations of a proposed option or solution. |
| evidence | Information, data, or examples used to support or prove claims in an argument, including facts, observations, predictions, analogies, and explanations. |
| implication | The potential consequences, applications, or broader significance of research findings. |
| innovative solutions | New or creative approaches to problems that challenge existing assumptions and explore alternative possibilities. |
| limitation | Constraints, boundaries, or weaknesses in research methodology, data, or scope that affect the validity or applicability of conclusions. |
| reflective skepticism | A critical thinking approach that involves questioning and examining ideas thoughtfully while remaining open to evidence and alternative perspectives. |
| resolutions | Proposed answers or settlements to research questions or problems based on evidence and analysis. |
| solution | Proposed answers or methods to address problems or research questions identified in an investigation. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| aesthetic rationale | A reasoned explanation of formal and stylistic choices made in creating an artistic work. |
| agreement of elements | The grammatical consistency between related words, such as subject-verb agreement or pronoun-antecedent agreement. |
| argument | A reasoned position supported by evidence and logic to convey a perspective, point of view, or version of the truth. |
| audience | The intended readers or recipients of an academic paper, whose needs, expectations, and level of expertise influence the paper's content, tone, and structure. |
| audience engagement | The degree to which an audience is actively involved with and attentive to the communicated information. |
| audience feedback | Responses and comments from viewers or listeners used to inform revisions and improvements to a presentation or performance. |
| bibliography | A complete list of all sources cited and consulted in an academic paper, formatted according to the appropriate disciplinary style. |
| coherence | The quality of an argument in which all elements and ideas flow logically and smoothly, with clear relationships between parts. |
| coherent argument | A well-organized and logically connected set of claims and evidence that supports a main idea. |
| cohesive academic paper | A written work in which all elements and ideas are logically connected and flow smoothly together to support a central argument or research goal. |
| commentary | Explanation or analysis that connects evidence to the thesis and clarifies its significance. |
| concession | An acknowledgment of the validity or strength of an opposing argument or point. |
| conclusion and future directions | The final section of an academic paper that reflects on the research process, discusses the potential impact on the field, and identifies possible next steps. |
| consistency of tense | The maintenance of the same verb tense throughout a piece of writing to avoid confusion. |
| context | The circumstances, background information, and existing knowledge in a field that frame and give meaning to a research question or project goal. |
| conviction | The confident and persuasive presentation of ideas with strong belief in their validity and importance. |
| counterargument | Arguments that oppose or challenge the main argument's position. |
| credibility | The quality of being trustworthy and believable, which is enhanced through accurate and ethical attribution of sources. |
| delivery | The techniques and methods used when presenting or performing work, including vocal and physical elements that engage an audience. |
| design elements | Visual and structural components such as headings, layout, illustrations, pull quotes, captions, and lists that organize information and enhance audience engagement. |
| discipline-specific language | Specialized terminology and jargon particular to a specific field of study or profession. |
| discussion, analysis, and/or evaluation | The section of an academic paper that interprets the significance of results or findings, explores connections to the original research question, and discusses implications and limitations. |
| emphasis | The technique of highlighting or drawing attention to particular ideas through sentence structure and placement. |
| energy | The level of enthusiasm and intensity conveyed by a speaker through delivery techniques to engage and maintain audience attention. |
| evidence | Information, data, or examples used to support or prove claims in an argument, including facts, observations, predictions, analogies, and explanations. |
| exhibit | A public display or presentation of work, often in a visual or interactive format. |
| eye contact | Direct visual connection between a speaker and audience members, used to convey confidence and engage listeners. |
| findings | The outcomes, evidence, or discoveries produced by research or a creative project. |
| gap in knowledge | An area or aspect of a field that has not been adequately addressed, explained, or researched, which an inquiry aims to fill. |
| grammar | The system of rules governing the structure and formation of sentences in a language. |
| imagery | Descriptive language that appeals to the senses and creates vivid mental pictures for the reader. |
| infographics | Visual representations of data and information designed to communicate complex information quickly and clearly to an audience. |
| inquiry choices | The specific decisions made about research questions, methodologies, sources, and approaches selected for an academic investigation. |
| introduction | The opening section of an academic paper that provides background information, contextualizes the research question, reviews previous work in the field, and identifies the gap in knowledge to be addressed. |
| mechanics | The technical aspects of writing including spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. |
| media | The channels or formats through which information is communicated to an audience, such as essays, posters, oral presentations, documentaries, or research reports. |
| medium | The channel or format through which an argument is communicated, such as written text, speech, or digital media. |
| method, process, or approach | The specific technique, procedure, or strategy used to conduct research or complete a project, including justification for its selection. |
| organizational elements | Structural components that arrange information in a logical and accessible way to aid understanding and guide audience attention. |
| performance | The act of presenting or executing work in front of an audience, often involving rehearsal and refinement. |
| placement of modifiers | The positioning of descriptive words or phrases in a sentence to clearly relate to the words they modify. |
| portfolio | A collection of work presented to demonstrate accomplishments and skills across multiple pieces or projects. |
| poster | A visual presentation format that displays information and work in a condensed, graphical manner. |
| precision | The quality of being exact and specific in word choice to convey meaning clearly and eliminate ambiguity. |
| premiere | The first public presentation or performance of a completed work. |
| purpose | The intended goal or objective of scholarly inquiry, which may be to address practical, theoretical, interpretive, or aesthetic problems. |
| rationale | The logical reasoning or justification provided for why particular decisions were made in conducting research and developing arguments. |
| rebuttal | A direct response or counter-response to an opposing argument or criticism. |
| redundancy | The unnecessary repetition of words or ideas that have already been expressed. |
| refutation | A response that disproves or argues against an opposing claim or counterargument. |
| rehearsal | Practice sessions where a speaker or performer refines their delivery and performance before presenting to an audience. |
| research question | A focused inquiry that guides scholarly investigation and defines what the researcher seeks to explore, explain, or understand. |
| revision | The process of reviewing and making changes to work to improve quality and effectiveness. |
| sentence structure | The arrangement and organization of words and clauses within a sentence to create meaning and effect. |
| showcase | A presentation or event designed to display and highlight completed work to an audience. |
| style | The distinctive manner of expression in writing, including word choice, sentence structure, and tone. |
| tempo | The speed or pace at which a speaker delivers content, used to convey tone and maintain audience engagement. |
| thesis | The main idea or central claim of an argument that the writer seeks to prove or support. |
| tone | The writer's attitude or emotional stance toward a topic, conveyed through word choice and sentence structure. |
| transitions | Words, phrases, or techniques used to connect ideas and move the audience from one element or concept to another by illustrating relationships between them. |
| usage | The conventional and correct way words and phrases are employed in a language. |
| variety | The use of different sentence structures and lengths to create interest and maintain reader engagement. |
| vocal variety | Variation in tone, pitch, and inflection used during delivery to emphasize information and maintain audience interest. |
| volume | The loudness or intensity of sound used during a presentation to emphasize information and engage the audience. |
| word choice | The selection of specific words to convey meaning, create tone, and achieve precision in writing. |
| wordiness | The use of more words than necessary to express an idea, reducing clarity and efficiency. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| collaborative tools | Online or digital platforms and resources that enable team members to communicate, share information, and work together remotely. |
| conflict resolution | The process of addressing and resolving disagreements or disputes within a team to maintain productive collaboration. |
| consensus building | The process of working toward agreement among all team members on decisions and approaches. |
| constructive team climate | A positive and supportive team environment that encourages open communication, mutual respect, and collaborative problem-solving. |
| interpersonal communication | Direct exchange of information, ideas, and feedback between team members to build understanding and coordination. |
| negotiation | The process of discussing and reaching agreement on terms, roles, or solutions within a team context. |
| social-cultural perspectives | The diverse backgrounds, values, and viewpoints that team members bring based on their social and cultural experiences. |
| teambuilding activities | Structured exercises and simulations designed to strengthen relationships, trust, and coordination among team members. |
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| assumption | Underlying beliefs or premises that are taken for granted without proof or verification. |
| body of work | A collection of related scholarly projects or inquiries that together demonstrate the development and evolution of a scholar's research and thinking. |
| collaborative effort | Work undertaken jointly by multiple people working together toward a common goal. |
| findings | The outcomes, evidence, or discoveries produced by research or a creative project. |
| implication | The potential consequences, applications, or broader significance of research findings. |
| individual contributions | The specific actions, ideas, or work that each person brings to a group project or task. |
| inquiry process | A systematic approach to research that draws upon curiosity and imagination to explore complex issues and develop understanding. |
| limitation | Constraints, boundaries, or weaknesses in research methodology, data, or scope that affect the validity or applicability of conclusions. |
| methodology | The specific methods, techniques, and procedures used to collect and analyze data in a research study. |
| oral defense | A spoken presentation in which a student explains and defends their research process, methodology, and findings in response to questions. |
| reflection | The process of thinking back on experiences and considering how actions, assumptions, and decisions affected both individual and group outcomes. |
| reflective scholars | Researchers who critically examine their own thinking, methods, and findings to understand the significance and implications of their work. |
| research process | The systematic steps and procedures a student followed to conduct their research investigation. |
| scholarly work | A completed academic or research project that demonstrates rigorous investigation, critical thinking, and contribution to knowledge. |
| transformational | Producing significant change or development in understanding, perspective, or identity as a result of engaging in inquiry and scholarship. |
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