4.4 Societal Impacts of Science and Technology | 科技对社会的影响 | 科技對社會的影響
🇨🇳AP Chinese Language and Culture Unit 4 Review
4.4 Societal Impacts of Science and Technology | 科技对社会的影响 | 科技對社會的影響
🇨🇳 AP Chinese
科技对社会的影响
概述
科技的发展改变了人们的生活方式、社会结构,甚至语言习惯。在中国,这种变化尤其明显。从移动支付到人工智能,从社交媒体到基因编辑,科技带来了便利,也引发了争议。这个话题要求你不只是描述科技本身,而是分析它对社会、文化和个人的具体影响。
科技如何改变中国社会
中国是全球科技发展最快的国家之一。政府、企业和普通用户都深度参与其中。以下几个领域最能体现科技对社会的影响。
移动支付与无现金社会
微信支付(WeChat Pay)和支付宝(Alipay)几乎取代了现金交易。在北京、上海等大城市,街边小摊、菜市场、甚至寺庙的香火钱都可以扫码支付。这种变化极大地提高了交易效率,但也让一些老年人和农村居民面临"数字鸿沟"(digital divide)的问题。没有智能手机的人在日常生活中越来越不方便。
社交媒体与信息传播
微博(Weibo)、微信、抖音(TikTok的国内版本)等平台重塑了中国人获取信息和表达意见的方式。2020年新冠疫情初期,武汉医生李文亮在微信群中发出预警,信息迅速扩散,引发全国关注。这个案例说明社交媒体既能加速信息传播,也会带来审查与管控的争议。
例1:人脸识别技术的普及
中国在人脸识别(facial recognition)技术的应用上走在世界前列。北京地铁、高铁站、学校门口,甚至部分超市都安装了人脸识别系统。商汤科技(SenseTime)和旷视科技(Megvii)是两家主要的技术提供商。
这项技术的好处是提高了公共安全管理效率,比如帮助警方在人群中识别逃犯。但批评者指出,大规模采集人脸数据侵犯了公民的隐私权。2019年,浙江大学法学教授郭兵以"侵犯消费者权益"为由,起诉杭州野生动物世界强制使用人脸识别入园,成为中国"人脸识别第一案"。这个案例引发了社会对科技边界的广泛讨论。
例2:基因编辑婴儿事件
2018年,南方科技大学研究员贺建奎宣布,他利用CRISPR基因编辑技术,成功使两名婴儿对艾滋病病毒产生免疫。这一消息震惊了全球科学界。
中国政府随即将贺建奎逮捕,并以"非法行医罪"判处其三年有期徒刑。这件事暴露了科技伦理监管的漏洞,也让公众开始思考:科学进步的边界在哪里?谁来决定哪些技术可以用于人体?这个案例是讨论"科技与伦理"关系的典型材料。
这个主题可以怎样理解
| 角度 | 可以关注什么 |
|---|---|
| 文化产品 | 微信、支付宝、抖音等应用程序;人脸识别系统和相关硬件设备;高铁网络(中国高铁里程居全球第一);健康码(Health Code App,疫情期间用于追踪行动轨迹) |
| 日常做法 | 用手机扫码完成几乎所有日常支付;在微博上参与公共话题讨论("热搜"文化);通过抖音短视频学习、娱乐、获取新闻;在学校、社区使用人脸识别打卡签到 |
| 价值观念 | 许多中国人认为科技带来的便利远大于隐私风险,愿意接受数据采集换取服务;年轻一代更关注科技伦理和个人数据保护;政府强调科技发展服务于社会稳定和国家竞争力;部分学者和法律人士呼吁建立更完善的科技监管法规 |
重要词汇
| 词汇 | 拼音 | 意思 |
|---|---|---|
| 人工智能 | rén gōng zhì néng | artificial intelligence |
| 大数据 | dà shù jù | big data |
| 数字鸿沟 | shù zì hóng gōu | digital divide |
| 隐私权 | yǐn sī quán | right to privacy |
| 基因编辑 | jī yīn biān jí | gene editing |
| 科技伦理 | kē jì lún lǐ | technology ethics |
| 移动支付 | yí dòng zhī fù | mobile payment |
| 人脸识别 | rén liǎn shí bié | facial recognition |
| 信息安全 | xìn xī ān quán | information security |
| 网络监管 | wǎng luò jiān guǎn | internet regulation |
| 无现金社会 | wú xiàn jīn shè huì | cashless society |
| 科技创新 | kē jì chuàng xīn | technological innovation |
| 社会影响 | shè huì yǐng xiǎng | societal impact |
| 弊端 | bì duān | drawback, downside |
| 利弊 | lì bì | pros and cons |
AP考试中的应用
阅读和听力部分
考试材料可能包括关于中国移动支付普及率的统计图表、关于人脸识别争议的新闻报道,或关于科技改变农村生活的广播节目。遇到不认识的词,可以根据上下文判断意思,比如看到"扫码"结合"支付"语境,就能推断是移动支付相关内容。
写作部分(电子邮件或故事续写)
如果题目涉及科技话题,可以用具体例子支撑观点,比如提到支付宝改变了日常购物方式,或者健康码在疫情管理中的作用。避免只说"科技很重要"这种空泛表达,要说清楚"对谁"、"在什么情况下"、"带来了什么具体变化"。
口语部分(文化比较)
常见提问方向:科技如何影响你所在社区的生活?中国和你的社区在科技应用上有哪些异同?可以用人脸识别或移动支付作为中国案例,再对比自己熟悉的情况,结构清晰,内容具体。
Practice Questions for 4.4
1 of 10
Read the following passage about high-speed rail and regional development in China, then answer the question.
高铁网络的迅速扩张,从根本上改变了中国各地区之间的联系方式。以前,从北京到上海需要十几个小时;如今,高铁只需四个多小时便可完成同样的旅程。与此同时,沿线城市的经济也随之腾飞,旅游业、房地产业以及制造业都从中受益。不过,也有学者指出,部分偏远地区由于未能纳入高铁网络,与发达城市之间的差距反而进一步拉大。
The transition 与此同时 in the third sentence connects which two ideas, and what does this connection reveal about the passage's argument?
A.
It links the reduction in travel time to the widening gap between developed and remote regions, showing that the passage frames faster travel as the direct cause of regional inequality
B.
It links the expansion of the high-speed rail network to the exclusion of remote regions, showing that the passage treats these as events happening at the same time
C.
It links the reduction in travel time to simultaneous economic growth along rail corridors, showing that the passage presents these as parallel consequences of high-speed rail expansion
D.
It links the historical travel time of over ten hours to the current travel time of four hours, showing that the passage uses this transition to signal a contrast between past and present
Frequently Asked Questions
What does AP Chinese topic 4.4 Societal Impacts of Science and Technology cover?
Topic 4.4 looks at how technology changes society, culture, and individuals in China. You study mobile payments, social media, facial recognition, and gene editing. The goal is to analyze real effects, both the convenience and the controversy, not just describe the technology. Full guide: /ap-chinese/unit-4/societal-impacts-of-science-and-technology/study-guide/Es9utmZGUjIpLVw40mzT
How have 微信支付 and 支付宝 changed daily life in China?
微信支付 (WeChat Pay) and 支付宝 (Alipay) have almost entirely replaced cash. Vendors, farmers' markets, and even temple donation boxes take QR code payments. This made transactions faster, but it created a 数字鸿沟 (digital divide) for some elderly and rural people without smartphones.
What is the facial recognition example in 4.4, and why is it debated?
China uses 人脸识别 (facial recognition) in subway stations, high-speed rail stations, schools, and some supermarkets. Supporters point to public safety, like helping police find fugitives. Critics cite 隐私权 (right to privacy). In 2019, Guo Bing sued Hangzhou Safari Park over required facial recognition entry, China's first such lawsuit.
What was the He Jiankui gene-edited babies incident and why does it matter for 科技伦理?
In 2018, He Jiankui announced he used CRISPR 基因编辑 (gene editing) to make two babies immune to HIV. The government arrested him and sentenced him to three years in prison for illegal medical practice. The case is a go-to example for 科技伦理 (technology ethics) and the limits of scientific progress.
What vocabulary should I know for 4.4 Societal Impacts of Science and Technology?
Key terms include 人工智能 (rén gōng zhì néng, artificial intelligence), 大数据 (dà shù jù, big data), 数字鸿沟 (shù zì hóng gōu, digital divide), 隐私权 (yǐn sī quán, right to privacy), 信息安全 (xìn xī ān quán, information security), 弊端 (bì duān, drawback), and 利弊 (lì bì, pros and cons). Also learn 移动支付 and 科技创新.
How can technology and society topics show up on the AP Chinese exam?
In Section II, the Listening and Reading sets may use charts on mobile payment adoption, news about facial recognition, or radio pieces on rural life. In Section I, Email Response and Story Narration may touch technology, so use specific examples like 支付宝 or 健康码. Use context clues like 扫码 plus 支付 to infer meaning.
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