Extreme Nationalism

Definition

Extreme nationalism is an intense form of patriotism that often elevates the interests of one's nation above all else, leading to the exclusion or oppression of other nations or ethnic groups. This ideology can manifest in various forms, such as xenophobia, militarism, and an emphasis on national superiority, which can contribute to the rise of totalitarian regimes and fascist movements that seek to unify the nation under a singular identity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Extreme nationalism gained prominence in Europe during the early 20th century, particularly after World War I, as countries sought to rebuild their identities.
2. It played a significant role in the rise of fascist regimes in Italy under Mussolini and Germany under Hitler, where it was used to justify expansionist policies and aggressive militarism.
3. Extreme nationalism often involves the glorification of the state and the belief that the nation is superior to others, leading to social Darwinism and justifications for imperialism.
4. This ideology frequently targets minority groups within a nation, blaming them for societal problems and fostering a climate of intolerance and discrimination.
5. The consequences of extreme nationalism can be devastating, including wars, ethnic cleansing, and the violation of human rights as seen during World War II.

Review Questions

• How did extreme nationalism contribute to the rise of fascist regimes in Europe during the early 20th century?
  • Extreme nationalism fueled the rise of fascist regimes by promoting the idea that one's nation was superior and should dominate others. This ideology resonated with populations facing economic hardships and social upheaval after World War I. Leaders like Mussolini and Hitler exploited these sentiments to unite people under a common cause, justifying militaristic expansion and oppressive policies against perceived enemies both abroad and within their own countries.
• In what ways did extreme nationalism intersect with totalitarian practices in regimes during this period?
  • Extreme nationalism intersected with totalitarian practices as both sought to create a unified national identity at the expense of individual freedoms. Totalitarian regimes used extreme nationalist rhetoric to legitimize their authority, suppress dissent, and eliminate opposition. By promoting a singular national identity, they could manipulate public opinion and justify repressive measures against those deemed 'unworthy' or 'foreign,' thus consolidating their power.
• Evaluate the long-term impacts of extreme nationalism on European societies in the aftermath of World War II.
  • The long-term impacts of extreme nationalism on European societies after World War II were profound and multifaceted. While many countries sought to distance themselves from such ideologies due to the atrocities committed during the war, underlying nationalist sentiments still influenced political discourse. New nationalist movements emerged in various forms, challenging multicultural policies and advocating for national sovereignty. The legacy of extreme nationalism continues to shape contemporary debates around immigration, identity politics, and international relations across Europe.

Related terms

Fascism:

A far-right political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy, often rooted in extreme nationalist sentiments.

Totalitarianism:

A political system in which the state recognizes no limits to its authority and seeks to regulate every aspect of public and private life, often using extreme nationalist rhetoric to unify the populace.

Jingoism: An extreme form of nationalism characterized by aggressive foreign policy and a belief in national superiority, often manifesting in military intervention.