Polarity refers to the separation of electric charge within a molecule, resulting from an uneven distribution of electron density. It occurs when there is a difference in electronegativity between atoms in a compound.
This term measures the overall polarity of a molecule by considering both its molecular geometry and individual bond polarities.
Nonpolar Molecule: A nonpolar molecule has an even distribution of electron density and lacks any significant dipole moment.
Hydrophilic vs Hydrophobic: These terms describe whether substances have an affinity for water (hydrophilic) or repel water (hydrophobic).