2 min read•Last Updated on July 24, 2024
Hawaii's political landscape shifted dramatically after Queen Liliuokalani's overthrow. The Provisional Government and Republic of Hawaii replaced the monarchy, while annexation attempts faced opposition. Native Hawaiians resisted through counter-revolutions and anti-annexation organizations.
The Ku'e Petitions showcased widespread Native Hawaiian opposition to annexation. With over 21,000 signatures, they influenced U.S. senators and contributed to the initial failure of the 1897 annexation treaty. This historical record continues to impact contemporary sovereignty movements.
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The 1897 annexation treaty was an agreement proposed to annex the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States, which was signed by representatives of the U.S. government and the Republic of Hawaii. This treaty sparked significant controversy and resistance among native Hawaiians and supporters of Hawaiian sovereignty, highlighting the political tensions surrounding U.S. imperialism during this period.
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The 1897 annexation treaty was an agreement proposed to annex the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States, which was signed by representatives of the U.S. government and the Republic of Hawaii. This treaty sparked significant controversy and resistance among native Hawaiians and supporters of Hawaiian sovereignty, highlighting the political tensions surrounding U.S. imperialism during this period.
Term 1 of 23
The 1897 annexation treaty was an agreement proposed to annex the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States, which was signed by representatives of the U.S. government and the Republic of Hawaii. This treaty sparked significant controversy and resistance among native Hawaiians and supporters of Hawaiian sovereignty, highlighting the political tensions surrounding U.S. imperialism during this period.
Term 1 of 23
A provisional government is a temporary government set up to manage a state or region during a transitional period, typically until a permanent government can be established. In the context of Hawaii, the provisional government was established following the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893, marking a pivotal moment in the islands' political history and leading to the eventual annexation by the United States.
Overthrow: The act of removing a leader or government from power, often through force or illegal means, as occurred with Queen Liliʻuokalani.
Annexation: The process by which a territory becomes part of another political entity, particularly when the United States formally incorporated Hawaii in 1898.
Republic of Hawaii: The government formed after the establishment of the provisional government, which sought recognition and legitimacy before eventual annexation by the United States.
The Republic of Hawaii was a short-lived independent republic that existed from 1894 to 1898, following the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. It was established by a group of American and European business interests, leading to a complex political situation that would ultimately result in Hawaii's annexation by the United States.
Overthrow: The forcible removal of Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893, which paved the way for the establishment of the Republic of Hawaii.
Annexation: The process by which the Republic of Hawaii was incorporated into the United States in 1898, leading to Hawaii's status as a U.S. territory.
Bayonet Constitution: A constitution imposed on King Kalākaua in 1887 that significantly reduced the monarchy's power and increased the influence of American and European businessmen.
Anti-annexation refers to the opposition against the incorporation of one territory into another sovereign state, particularly concerning Hawaii's resistance to being annexed by the United States. This movement was characterized by a strong sense of nationalism among Hawaiians, who sought to preserve their sovereignty, culture, and governance. The anti-annexation sentiment played a significant role in shaping the political landscape during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself and make its own laws without external interference.
Republic of Hawaii: The government established in Hawaii from 1894 to 1898, following the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani, which sought to maintain independence from U.S. annexation.
Hawaiian Nationalism: A movement advocating for the rights and recognition of Hawaiian people, culture, and sovereignty, often in opposition to U.S. political control.
Ku'e petitions were a series of organized efforts by the Hawaiian people to protest against the annexation of Hawaii by the United States in the late 19th century. These petitions expressed the deep-seated opposition to U.S. rule and highlighted the desire of Native Hawaiians to preserve their sovereignty and cultural identity. They serve as a vital historical record of resistance and are an essential part of understanding the complexities surrounding Hawaii's annexation.
Annexation: The process by which a state extends its territory by incorporating a foreign territory, often without the consent of the local population.
Overthrow: The act of removing a government or regime from power, which in Hawaii's case refers to the 1893 coup that deposed Queen Lili'uokalani.
Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement: A political movement advocating for the recognition of Hawaiian self-determination and the restoration of Hawaiian governance and rights.
The 1897 annexation treaty was an agreement proposed to annex the Kingdom of Hawaii to the United States, which was signed by representatives of the U.S. government and the Republic of Hawaii. This treaty sparked significant controversy and resistance among native Hawaiians and supporters of Hawaiian sovereignty, highlighting the political tensions surrounding U.S. imperialism during this period.
Hawaiian Kingdom: The independent sovereign nation established in 1810 that was ruled by a monarchy until its overthrow in 1893.
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy: The event in 1893 when a group of American and European businessmen, supported by U.S. military forces, deposed Queen Liliʻuokalani and established a provisional government.
Seward's Folly: A term used to describe the purchase of Alaska in 1867, which reflects the U.S. government's expansionist policies during the late 19th century.
Sanford B. Dole was a prominent figure in Hawaiian history, serving as the president of the Republic of Hawaii after the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani. He played a crucial role in the annexation of Hawaii by the United States and was a key advocate for the interests of American settlers in Hawaii during a time of significant political change. His leadership and actions significantly influenced the trajectory of Hawaii's relationship with the United States.
Queen Liliuokalani: The last reigning monarch of Hawaii, whose overthrow in 1893 led to the establishment of a provisional government supported by American interests.
Republic of Hawaii: The government established after the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani in 1893, which Dole led as president until Hawaii was annexed by the United States in 1898.
Annexation: The formal act of adding territory to a country, which in Hawaii's case, occurred when the United States officially incorporated Hawaii in 1898.
Hui aloha 'aina is an organization that emerged in the late 19th century, formed to resist the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. This group was composed mainly of native Hawaiians and their supporters, who aimed to preserve Hawaiian sovereignty and culture. The hui became a significant political force in advocating against foreign domination and defending the rights of the Hawaiian people during a time of intense political upheaval.
Queen Lili'uokalani: The last reigning monarch of Hawaii, who sought to restore Hawaiian sovereignty and was deposed in a coup supported by American interests.
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy: The illegal overthrow of Queen Lili'uokalani in 1893 by a group of American and European business interests, which led to the eventual annexation of Hawaii.
Annexation: The act of incorporating a territory into another geopolitical entity, particularly referring to Hawaii's annexation by the United States in 1898.
Pro-annexation refers to the support or advocacy for the incorporation of a territory into a sovereign state, particularly in the context of Hawaii's annexation by the United States. This term highlights the political, social, and economic motivations that drove individuals and groups to favor annexation, often underpinned by ideas of American expansionism and manifest destiny. The pro-annexation movement played a crucial role in shaping the fate of Hawaii during the late 19th century as it transitioned from an independent kingdom to a territory of the United States.
Annexation: The process by which a state incorporates territory into its domain, often involving political maneuvering and negotiations.
Manifest Destiny: The 19th-century belief that American expansion across the continent was justified and inevitable, promoting the idea of spreading democracy and civilization.
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy: The 1893 coup that led to the removal of Queen Liliʻuokalani and paved the way for the eventual annexation of Hawaii by the United States.
Imperialism is the policy or ideology where a nation extends its power and influence over other countries or territories, often through military force, colonization, or economic domination. This practice has significant historical implications, shaping international relations and often leading to resistance and conflict. The concept of imperialism is crucial for understanding how powerful nations sought to expand their territories and control resources, especially in the context of Hawaiian history.
Colonization: The act of establishing control over foreign lands and peoples, often involving the settlement of colonizers and exploitation of resources.
Sovereignty: The authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions free from external interference.
Annexation: The formal act of acquiring territory by one state from another, typically without the consent of the governed population.
John Tyler Morgan was a prominent American politician and advocate for the annexation of Hawaii during the late 19th century. He served as a U.S. Senator from Alabama and played a crucial role in promoting the interests of American expansionism, particularly in relation to Hawaii, which he saw as a vital strategic location in the Pacific.
Annexation: The formal act of acquiring territory by a state or government, often through legislative approval or military conquest.
Hawaii: A group of islands in the central Pacific Ocean that became a U.S. territory in 1898, following significant political and economic influences from American interests.
Expansionism: A policy aimed at extending a nation's territory or influence, particularly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as the United States sought to grow its global presence.
Richard Pettigrew was a prominent American politician and businessman in the late 19th century, known for his role in advocating for the annexation of Hawaii by the United States. As a key figure in the political landscape, he was instrumental in promoting economic interests in Hawaii, especially for American sugar planters, which played a significant part in shaping U.S. foreign policy towards the islands.
Annexation: The process by which a country officially adds territory to its own, often through military force or political negotiation.
Hawaiian Kingdom: The independent nation-state that existed before the annexation by the United States, ruled by a monarchy until the overthrow in 1893.
Cleveland's Rejection: The stance taken by President Grover Cleveland against the annexation of Hawaii following the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani, emphasizing a desire to restore the monarchy.
The Newlands Resolution was a congressional measure passed in 1898 that effectively annexed the Republic of Hawaii into the United States. This resolution laid the groundwork for Hawaii's transition from a sovereign nation to a U.S. territory, reflecting the broader imperialistic ambitions of the United States during the late 19th century. The Newlands Resolution not only symbolized the culmination of efforts to annex Hawaii but also illustrated the complex relationship between American expansionism and indigenous sovereignty.
Annexation: The formal act of acquiring territory by conquest or agreement, which, in this case, refers to Hawaii becoming part of the United States.
Overthrow of the Hawaiian Monarchy: The event in 1893 when a group of American businessmen and sugar planters, with the support of the U.S. government, removed Queen Liliʻuokalani from power.
Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement: A movement aimed at restoring the sovereignty of Hawaii and advocating for the rights of Native Hawaiians following the overthrow and annexation.