1. How did the composition and background of Progressive reformers differ from earlier Populist reformers?

1. What role did professional and business associations play in advancing Progressive reform?

1. How did the Social Gospel and Protestant churches influence Progressive reform efforts?

1. What role did political leaders like Theodore Roosevelt, Robert La Follette, William Jennings Bryan, and Woodrow Wilson play in advancing Progressivism?

1. How did pragmatism challenge prevailing ideas and enable Progressive reformers to question existing beliefs?

2. What was scientific management and why did Progressives believe it could improve government efficiency?

1. What was Henry Demarest Lloyd's contribution to muckraking journalism and what limitations did his work have?

1. How did McClure's Magazine and similar publications use investigative journalism to expose corruption?

1. What were examples of muckraking books and novels, and what issues did they expose to the public?

1. What factors contributed to the decline of muckraking after 1910, and what lasting impact did it have?

1. How did the secret ballot reform address problems with voter manipulation and intimidation?

1. What was the direct primary system and how did Robert La Follette introduce it as a way to bypass political bosses?

1. Why did Progressives believe direct election of senators was necessary, and what did the 17th Amendment accomplish?

1. What were the initiative, referendum, and recall, and how did these reforms give voters more direct power?

1. What reforms did Progressive mayors like Samuel Jones and Tom Johnson pursue regarding public utilities and services?

1. How did the commission plan and city manager plan represent new approaches to municipal government?

1. How did urban and rural Progressives differ in their views on temperance and prohibition?

1. What reforms did settlement house workers and social justice advocates like Jane Addams and Florence Kelley pursue?

1. What child labor reforms did Progressives achieve, and why did compulsory school attendance laws prove most effective?

2. How did Supreme Court decisions in Lochner v. New York and Muller v. Oregon affect labor protections for women?

1. How did Roosevelt's handling of the 1902 coal strike demonstrate his "Square Deal" philosophy toward labor disputes?

1. How did Roosevelt enforce the Sherman Antitrust Act, and what distinction did he make between "bad" and "good" trusts?

1. What powers did the Elkins Act and Hepburn Act give the Interstate Commerce Commission over railroads?

1. How did Upton Sinclair's The Jungle influence the passage of consumer protection laws in 1906?

1. What were Roosevelt's major conservation achievements and how did they protect natural resources?

1. How did Taft's antitrust record compare to Roosevelt's, and what controversy arose from his prosecution of U.S. Steel?

2. What were the Mann-Elkins Act and the 16th Amendment, and why did Progressives support them?

1. How did Taft's conservation policies differ from Roosevelt's, and what conflict arose over Gifford Pinchot?

1. What actions by Taft caused Progressive Republicans to feel betrayed and led to the party split of 1912?

1. How did the Underwood Tariff fulfill Wilson's campaign pledge, and what compensated for lost tariff revenues?

1. What problems did Wilson identify in the banking system, and how did the Federal Reserve Act address them?

1. What were the purposes of the Federal Trade Commission and the Clayton Antitrust Act?

2. What did the Federal Farm Loan Act and Child Labor Act attempt to accomplish, and what happened to the Child Labor Act?

1. What were the key differences between Booker T. Washington's and W. E. B. Du Bois's approaches to addressing African American inequality?

2. How did Washington and Du Bois's public disagreements mask some similarities in their actual efforts?

1. What were the Niagara Movement, NAACP, and National Urban League, and what goals did each organization pursue?

1. How did Carrie Chapman Catt's strategy for winning women's suffrage evolve, and what approach did Alice Paul take?

2. What did the 19th Amendment accomplish, and what did Carrie Chapman Catt do after its ratification?

1. What other reforms did Progressive women pursue beyond women's suffrage?