1. What was the Battle of the Atlantic and why was it significant to the Allied war effort?

2. How did the Allies gradually overcome the German submarine threat in the Atlantic?

3. How did bombing strategies differ between the Allies and Axis powers, and how did this affect civilian populations?

1. What was Operation Torch and what did it accomplish by May 1943?

2. How did the Allied invasion of Italy proceed after the fall of Mussolini, and what challenges did the Allies face?

1. What was D-Day and why was the Normandy invasion considered the largest invasion by sea in history?

2. How did the Allies advance from Normandy to Germany between June and September 1944?

3. What was the Battle of the Bulge and how did it affect the Allied advance toward Berlin?

1. What role did Allied bombing raids play in weakening Germany's ability to continue fighting?

2. What did U.S. troops discover as they advanced through Germany, and what was the scale of Nazi genocide?

1. How did the Battle of Midway represent a turning point in the Pacific War?

2. What role did intelligence and code-breaking play in the U.S. victory at Midway?

1. What was the island hopping strategy and how did it help the United States move toward Japan's home islands?

1. What was the significance of the Battle of Leyte Gulf and what new Japanese tactic appeared there?

2. What were kamikaze pilots and what impact did they have on U.S. forces at Okinawa?

3. What were the human costs of the Battle of Okinawa and why did this concern U.S. military planners?

1. What was the Manhattan Project and what did it accomplish by July 1945?

2. Why did President Truman decide to use atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

3. What were the immediate human consequences of the atomic bombings?

1. How did bombing strategies in World War II raise moral questions about targeting civilians?

2. What did postwar research reveal about the effectiveness of bombing civilian population centers?

3. How did the development of nuclear weapons change the moral and practical considerations of modern warfare?

1. What conditions did Japan require for surrender and when did the formal surrender take place?