AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes
7.10: The New Deal
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP US History Guided Notes
AMSCO 7.10 - The New Deal
Learning Objectives
- Explain how the Great Depression and the New Deal impacted American political, social, and economic life over time.
I. The Election of 1932
1. What was the outcome of the 1932 presidential election and what factors contributed to Roosevelt's victory?
2. What was a lame-duck president and how did this status affect Hoover's ability to address the depression?
3. How did the 20th Amendment change the transition period between presidential elections?
II. Franklin D. Roosevelt as President
1. How did FDR expand the federal government and presidential powers during his presidency?
A. FDR: The Man
1. How did Roosevelt's experience with polio shape his political career and personal strengths?
2. What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in FDR's presidency and how did she influence his policies?
III. The New Deal Philosophy
1. What were the three R's of the New Deal and what did each aim to accomplish?
2. Who were the Brain Trust and what role did they play in shaping New Deal policies?
3. How did Roosevelt's cabinet appointments reflect a departure from previous administrations?
IV. The First Hundred Days
1. What was the bank holiday and how did Roosevelt use it to restore confidence in the banking system?
2. What were fireside chats and how did they help Roosevelt communicate with the American people?
A. Relief for the Unemployed
1. What were the main relief programs created during the Hundred Days and how did each provide assistance?
2. How did the Tennessee Valley Authority differ from other relief programs in its scope and goals?
B. Financial Recovery and Reform Programs
1. What financial reforms did Roosevelt implement to stabilize the banking system and protect depositors?
2. How did the government's monetary policy change regarding the gold standard?
C. Industrial Recovery Program
1. What was the National Recovery Administration and how did it attempt to balance business profits with worker rights?
2. Why was the NRA declared unconstitutional and what was the significance of this decision?
D. Farm Production Control Program
1. How did the Agricultural Adjustment Administration attempt to help farmers and what was the outcome?
V. Other Programs of the First New Deal
1. What were the purposes of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Housing Administration?
2. How did the Federal Housing Administration's redlining policy discriminate against African Americans?
VI. The Second New Deal
1. What was the Works Progress Administration and how did it differ from earlier relief programs?
2. How did the Wagner Act change labor-management relations and what rights did it guarantee workers?
3. What were the purposes of the Resettlement Administration and the Rural Electrification Administration?
VII. The Social Security Act
1. What was the Social Security Act and what groups of people did it provide benefits to?
2. How did Social Security represent a shift in the federal government's role in American society?
VIII. Evaluating Roosevelt's First Term
1. How did the New Deal transform the role of the federal government and what was a limited welfare state?
2. How did the New Deal become the basis for modern American liberalism?
IX. The Election of 1936
1. What was the New Deal coalition and which groups formed the basis of Democratic support?
2. How did African Americans' voting patterns change during the New Deal era and why?
X. Opponents of the New Deal
1. What were the main criticisms of the New Deal from liberals and socialists?
2. What were the main criticisms of the New Deal from conservatives and business leaders?
3. What was the American Liberty League and what was its purpose?
XI. Demagogues
1. What were the main proposals of Father Coughlin, Dr. Townsend, and Huey Long and how did they challenge Roosevelt?
2. How did the Townsend Plan influence Roosevelt's approach to creating Social Security?
3. What happened to Huey Long's political challenge to Roosevelt and what was its significance?
XII. The Supreme Court
1. What Supreme Court decisions in 1935 challenged the New Deal and how did Roosevelt respond?
2. What was Roosevelt's Court reorganization plan and why did critics call it a Court-packing bill?
3. How did the Supreme Court's position on the New Deal change after 1937?
XIII. Labor Unions and Workers' Rights
1. How did New Deal legislation affect union membership and what was the trend from the early 1930s to 1941?
2. What was the Committee of Industrial Organizations and how did it differ from the American Federation of Labor?
3. What was a sit-down strike and how did it help workers gain union recognition?
XIV. Fair Labor Standards Act
1. What regulations did the Fair Labor Standards Act establish for businesses and why was it significant?
2. How did the Supreme Court's ruling in United States v. Darby Lumber Co. reverse previous decisions on child labor?
XV. Recession, 1937-1938
1. What caused the recession of 1937-1938 and how did government policy contribute to it?
2. What was Keynesian economics and how did it influence Roosevelt's approach to deficit spending?
3. Why did the New Deal lose momentum in the late 1930s?
XVI. Life During the Depression
1. What was the Dust Bowl and how did it affect farmers in the Great Plains?
2. What was the Soil Conservation Service and what techniques did it teach farmers?
A. Women
1. How did the Great Depression affect women's participation in the labor force and what criticisms did they face?
B. African Americans
1. How did racial discrimination affect African Americans during the Great Depression?
2. What support did African Americans receive from Eleanor Roosevelt and the Roosevelt administration?
3. What was the significance of the Fair Employment Practices Committee and what prompted its creation?
C. American Indians
1. How did the Indian Reorganization Act change federal policy toward Native Americans?
2. What New Deal programs provided assistance to American Indians and what was their purpose?
D. Mexican Americans
1. How did the Great Depression and increased White migration affect Mexican American workers?
2. What was the repatriation policy and how many Mexican Americans were affected by it?
Key Terms
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt
New Deal
three R's (relief, recovery, reform)
Brain Trust
Frances Perkins
Hundred Days
bank holiday
repeal of Prohibition
fireside chats
Public Works Administration
Harold Ickes
Civilian Conservation Corps
Tennessee Valley Authority
Emergency Banking Relief Act
Glass-Steagall Act
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
National Recovery Administration
Schechter v. U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Housing Administration
Second New Deal
Harry Hopkins
Works Progress Administration
National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act (1935)
Social Security Act (1935)
limited welfare state
modern American liberalism
election of 1936
New Deal coalition
recession, 1937-1938
John Maynard Keynes
Father Charles E. Coughlin
Francis E. Townsend
Huey Long
Supreme Court
reorganization plan
coalition
John L. Lewis
Congress of Industrial Organizations
sit-down strike
Fair Labor Standards Act
minimum wage
"depression mentality"
drought
dust bowl
"Okies"
John Steinbeck, The Grapes of Wrath
Marian Anderson
Mary McLeod Bethune
Fair Employment Practices Committee
A. Philip Randolph
Indian Reorganization (Wheeler-Howard) Act