1. What major social and political divisions characterized American society during the 1920s?
A. Religion, Science, and Politics
1. How did Protestant modernists and fundamentalists differ in their views on the Bible and evolution?
2. How did radio technology change religious revivals in the 1920s?
B. Fundamentalism and Science
1. What was the Scopes trial and what broader conflict did it represent?
2. What were the outcomes of the Scopes trial and its long-term effects on teaching evolution?
C. Prohibition
1. What was Prohibition and what were the reasons Congress passed the 18th Amendment?
2. How did Americans defy Prohibition and what role did organized crime play?
3. What factors led to the repeal of Prohibition in 1933?
D. Opposition to Immigration
1. Why did nativist sentiment increase after World War I and what groups were targeted?
2. How did the quota laws of 1921 and 1924 change U.S. immigration policy?
3. What was the significance of the Sacco and Vanzetti case in the context of 1920s nativism?
E. Ku Klux Klan
1. How did the new Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s differ from the original Klan and what groups did it target?
2. What tactics did the Klan use and what political influence did it achieve in the early 1920s?
3. What factors led to the decline of the Klan's influence after the mid-1920s?
F. Arts and Literature
1. What themes dominated the writings of the "lost generation" and what caused their disillusionment?
2. How did American musical theater and composers like George Gershwin reflect the cultural changes of the 1920s?
G. Women, Family, and Education
1. How did the 19th Amendment affect women's voting patterns and political participation?
2. What changes occurred in women's roles in the workforce and at home during the 1920s?
3. How did young women challenge traditional values through the flapper movement and changing sexual attitudes?
4. What factors contributed to increased divorce rates and expanded high school education in the 1920s?
H. African American Cultural Renaissance
1. What was the Harlem Renaissance and why did it develop in New York City?
2. Who were the leading poets and musicians of the Harlem Renaissance and what was their cultural significance?
3. What were Marcus Garvey's ideas about Black nationalism and what happened to his movement?
I. Republican Majority
1. How did Republican economic philosophy in the 1920s differ from laissez-faire policies of the Gilded Age?
J. The Presidency of Warren Harding
1. How did Harding attempt to compensate for his limited leadership abilities?
2. What were Harding's major domestic policy achievements and what was unusual about his pardon of Eugene Debs?
3. What scandals marked Harding's presidency and how were they discovered?
K. The Presidency of Calvin Coolidge
1. What was Coolidge's political philosophy and how did it shape his presidency?
2. What happened in the 1924 election and what did the Progressive Party's performance reveal about the era?
L. Hoover, Smith, and the Election of 1928
1. Who were the major candidates in the 1928 election and what issues divided them?
2. How did Hoover's victory in 1928 represent a shift in southern voting patterns and what irony followed?
M. Conservative Ideas
1. How did historians like Frederick Lewis Allen and Arthur Schlesinger Jr. characterize the 1920s?
N. Dissenting Views
1. How did revisionist historians challenge the conservative interpretation of the 1920s?
O. Local Power
1. How did some historians reinterpret the motivations of traditionalists and fundamentalists in the 1920s?
P. Importance of Materialism
1. How did consumer culture and materialism affect social conflict and political values in the 1920s?
William H. Seward
Monroe Doctrine
purchase of Alaska (1867)
Hawaii
Pearl Harbor
Queen Liliuokalani
Grover Cleveland
James G. Blaine
Pan-American Conference (1889)
Richard Olney
Venezuela boundary dispute
"New Imperialism"
Alfred Thayer Mahan
Darwinism
expansionists
Josiah Strong