1. What is the social contract theory and how did Hobbes and Locke differ in their views of it?

2. What were Locke's natural rights and how did his concept of the 'blank slate' challenge prevailing beliefs about human nature?

1. Who were the philosophes and what was their role in spreading Enlightenment ideas?

2. How did Montesquieu's ideas about separation of powers influence the American Constitution?

3. What were Voltaire's main contributions to Enlightenment thought and how did his ideas influence the U.S. Constitution?

1. What was Rousseau's concept of the General Will and how did it expand on earlier social contract theory?

2. How did Rousseau's ideas on education and society inspire late 18th-century revolutionaries?

1. What did Adam Smith mean by laissez-faire economics and the 'invisible hand' of the market?

2. How did Smith's ideas in The Wealth of Nations provide a foundation for capitalism?

1. What is Deism and how did it reflect the Enlightenment emphasis on reason over traditional religion?

2. How did Thomas Paine's defense of Deism affect his reputation in America?

1. What is socialism and how did utopian socialists envision improving society?

2. What were the key differences between the utopian socialist visions of Saint-Simon, Fourier, and Owen?

3. How did the Fabian Society represent a different approach to achieving socialist goals?

1. What were the core beliefs of classical liberalism and who typically supported this ideology?

2. How did classical liberals in Britain work to expand political representation through the Reform Bills?

1. How did Enlightenment ideas inspire early feminists like Olympe de Gouges and Mary Wollstonecraft?

2. What were the main demands of the Seneca Falls Convention and why was it significant?

1. What was abolitionism and why did the end of the slave trade lead to the decline of slavery?

2. How did the abolition of slavery occur at different times across the Americas?

1. What factors led to the abolition of serfdom in Europe and why was Russian emancipation particularly significant?

1. What was Zionism and what historical circumstances led to its emergence in the late 19th century?

2. How did the Dreyfus Affair demonstrate anti-Semitism in Europe and strengthen support for Zionism?

3. What obstacles did Zionists face in establishing a Jewish homeland in the Middle East?