1. How did rapid urban growth during early industrialization affect living conditions for the working class?

2. What public health problems emerged in industrial cities and how did governments respond?

3. How did industrialization eventually improve living standards for the middle class and attract rural migration to cities?

1. What new social classes emerged as a result of industrialization and what characterized each group?

2. How did the factory system and division of labor change the skills required of workers compared to earlier artisans?

3. How did industrialists and factory owners come to replace the landed aristocracy as society's power brokers?

1. How did the shift from farm and cottage industry work to factory work change workers' daily routines and family life?

2. What were the physical and social consequences of long factory work schedules and dangerous machinery for industrial workers?

1. Why did factory owners employ children and what specific dangers did children face in textile mills and coal mines?

1. How did industrialization affect working-class women's labor and wages compared to men?

2. What was the "cult of domesticity" and how did it shape middle-class women's lives differently from working-class women?

3. How did industrialization and men's absence from communities contribute to the rise of feminism in the mid-1800s?

1. What environmental problems resulted from the Industrial Revolution's reliance on fossil fuels and industrial production?

2. How did water pollution from industrial waste and sewage spread disease in industrial cities like London?

1. What were the major positive and negative social consequences of the Industrial Revolution for workers and communities?

2. How did industrialization increase global inequalities and lead to a second wave of colonization?