AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes
5.8: Reactions to the Industrial Economy
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP World History Guided Notes
AMSCO 5.8 - Reactions to the Industrial Economy
Essential Questions
- What conditions led to calls for change in industrial societies, and what were the effects of those efforts?
I. Labor Unions
1. What were the typical working conditions in 19th-century factories and what role did the Sadler Report play in promoting reform?
2. What is a labor union and what specific improvements did unions win for workers?
A. Voting Rights
1. How did the British reform bills of 1832, 1867, and 1884 expand voting rights and what was the timeline for universal male and female suffrage?
B. Child Labor
1. What reforms addressed child labor in Britain and how did mandatory education change the role of children in society?
II. The Intellectual Reaction
1. How did the rise of large-scale transnational businesses in the 19th century change economic thinking compared to Adam Smith's era?
A. John Stuart Mill
1. What was utilitarianism and how did Mill's approach to reform differ from that of utopian socialists?
2. What specific reforms did John Stuart Mill champion to address problems with capitalism?
III. Karl Marx
1. What did Marx mean by 'scientific socialism' and how did his critique of capitalism differ from utopian socialism?
2. According to Marx, what are the proletariat and bourgeoisie, and how did their relationship create the contradictions within capitalism?
3. What did Marx predict would happen to capitalism and what final stage of economic development did he envision?
IV. Ottoman Response to Industrialization
1. What reforms did Sultan Mahmud II implement to modernize the Ottoman military and central government?
A. Reorganization
1. What were the main goals of the Tanzimat reforms and what areas of Ottoman society did they affect?
2. What did the Hatt-i Humayun edict declare and why did both Christians and Muslims oppose it?
B. Ottoman Economy and Society
1. How did economic changes after 1815 affect Ottoman workers and what role did industrialization play in these changes?
2. How did the legal reforms of Mahmud II affect women's property rights and what areas of Ottoman society did reforms fail to address for women?
C. Opposition to Reform
1. How did Sultan Abdulhamid's approach to reform change over his reign and what were the consequences for reform advocates and minority groups?
V. Reform Efforts in China
1. What was the Self-Strengthening Movement and what were its primary goals for modernizing China?
2. What triggered increased demand for reform in China and what was the Hundred Days of Reform?
A. Cixi's Initial Conservatism
1. Why did Empress Dowager Cixi oppose the Hundred Days of Reform and what actions did she take to stop them?
B. Reform of the Civil Service
1. What problems developed in China's civil service system by the 19th century and why did Cixi eventually agree to abandon it?
C. China and Foreign Powers
1. How did foreign powers' interests in China differ from their interests in the Ottoman Empire and what was the impact on Chinese modernization?
2. What role did the United States play in helping China preserve its territorial integrity in the early 20th century?
VI. Resistance to Reform in Japan
1. What happened to the samurai in 1871 and how did different samurai respond to the loss of their traditional status?
A. Rise and Decline of Liberalization
1. What reforms in Japan were successful in the late 19th century and how did the government's character change by the 1920s?
VII. Limits to Reform
1. How did the timing and trajectory of reform differ among Turkey, China, and Japan in their responses to industrialization?
Key Terms
socialism
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
Communist Manifesto
means of production
communism
John Stuart Mill
utilitarianism
labor unions
proletariat
bourgeoisie
bushido
genros
Mahmud II
Tanzimat
Hatt-i Humayan
millets
Self-Strengthening Movement
Emperor Guangxu
Hundred Days of Reform
Empress Dowager Cixi