AP European History AMSCO Guided Notes
6.9: Institutional Responses and Reform
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP European History Guided Notes
AMSCO 6.9 - Institutional Responses and Reform
Essential Questions
- In what ways did governments and other institutions respond to challenges resulting from industrialization?
A. The Growth of Government Intervention
1. What is laissez-faire economic policy and how did the 19th-century interventionist approach differ from it?
2. How did urbanization, industrialization, and nationalism contribute to the expansion of government power?
B. Police and Prison Reform
1. A Professional Police Force
1. Why did London need a centralized police force in 1829 and what concerns did this raise?
2. How did Prime Minister Robert Peel's approach to police reform reflect broader beliefs about crime prevention?
2. A Professional Prison System
1. What conditions existed in British prisons before the 1800s and what reforms did Elizabeth Fry advocate?
2. How did Fry's prison reforms extend beyond Britain and what impact did they have?
C. Liberalism and Reform in Britain
1. Improving the Public Sector
1. What role did Edwin Chadwick play in reforming the Poor Laws and establishing public health standards?
2. How did the reforms enacted between 1848 and 1913 affect working-class wages, loyalty to government, and class conflict?
3. How did the Liberal Party's electoral success in 1906 relate to the reforms it had supported?
D. Reforms Transform Cities
1. The Transformation of Paris
1. What problems did Paris face in the 1850s and why did Napoleon III decide to renovate the city?
2. What were the main infrastructure improvements that Georges Haussmann implemented in Paris and what were their effects?
3. How did Haussmann's urban redesign serve both practical and military purposes?
E. Educational Opportunities Expand
1. In Switzerland, a Focus on the Heart, Head, and Hands
1. What educational innovations did Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi propose and how did they differ from traditional approaches?
2. How did Pestalozzi's ideas spread to other countries and what aspects of his methods remain in education today?
2. In Germany, a "Garden of Children"
1. What was Friedrich Froebel's contribution to early childhood education and why did he believe it was essential for social reform?
3. In France, a Move to Nonreligious Education
1. What changes did Premier Jules Ferry make to French education and what were the consequences for the Catholic Church and literacy rates?
2. How did increased literacy in France and other countries provide economic and social advantages?
Key Terms
laissez-faire
interventionist
Edwin Chadwick
Georges Haussmann
urban redesign