AP European History AMSCO Guided Notes
6.8: 19th-Century Social Reform
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP European History Guided Notes
AMSCO 6.8 - 19th-Century Social Reform
Essential Questions
- What were the movements and calls for social reform that resulted from intellectual developments from 1815 to 1914?
I. The Development of Mass Political Parties
1. How did industrialization and the rise of new social classes lead to the development of mass political parties?
2. What were the general differences between conservative and liberal political parties in the 19th century?
II. Conservatives, Liberals, and Labour in Britain
A. The Conservative Party in Britain
1. What were the interests of the Conservative Party and how did Benjamin Disraeli's approach expand the party's support?
B. The Liberal Party and Labour Party
1. What social reforms did the Liberal Party pass while in power and why did the Labour Party emerge?
2. How did the relationship between the Liberal and Labour parties change after World War I?
III. Conflict and Reform in France
1. What reforms did Napoleon introduce to create national unity and how did French politics change after his exile in 1815?
A. The Revolution of 1848
1. What caused the Revolution of 1848 in France and what government replaced the collapsed regime?
2. How did Napoleon III's policies change from 1852 to 1860 and what did he hope to accomplish?
B. The Paris Commune
1. What events led to the fall of Napoleon III and the establishment of the Third Republic?
2. What was the Paris Commune and what reforms did its members demand?
3. How did the Paris Commune influence later political movements despite its defeat?
C. Women's Rights in France
1. How did Flora Tristan connect women's political emancipation to the larger struggle for workers' rights?
IV. The Social Democratic Party in Germany
1. What internal divisions existed within the German Social Democratic Party after its formation in 1875?
2. How did German elites respond to the Social Democratic Party and what was the outcome of their efforts?
V. The Russian Social Democratic Party
1. When did the Russian Social Democratic Party form and what prevented it from becoming a unified political force?
2. How did the Bolsheviks' role in the 1917 October Revolution lead to the formation of the Communist Party?
VI. Philanthropy and Social Reform
1. How did religious faith inspire social reformers and what was the Social Gospel movement?
A. Women's Leadership in Reform Movements
1. What role did educated middle-class women play in philanthropic and social reform efforts?
2. What was Josephine Butler's work and how did she address the exploitation of women and girls?
3. How did the temperance movement and Sunday School movement address social problems and what were their outcomes?
VII. Feminism and Women's Suffrage in Britain
A. Early Women's Rights Activism
1. What were the goals of Barbara Smith Bodichon and the Ladies of Langdon Place?
2. What was the significance of the Married Women's Property Act of 1857 and Girton College in 1869?
B. The Pankhursts Protest
1. What tactics did the Women's Social and Political Union use to promote women's suffrage?
2. How did the British government respond to suffragists and what methods did imprisoned suffragists use to protest?
C. Gradual Expansion of Women's Suffrage
1. What voting rights did Parliament grant in 1918 and 1928 and how did these acts expand suffrage?
VIII. Abolitionist Movement
1. What was the significance of the 1772 English court ruling and why did the abolitionist movement continue for over a century?
2. When did the British slave trade end and when did slavery end in British colonies and other regions?
3. How did France's approach to abolishing slavery differ from Britain's and what was the significance of Haiti's independence?
Key Terms
Conservative Party
Social Democratic Party
Barbara Smith Bodichon
Liberal Party
philanthropies
Pankhurst family
Labour Party
Josephine Butler
Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU)
Napoleon III
temperance movement
Paris Commune
Sunday School movement