Irrigation accounts for approximately 70% of freshwater use worldwide. There are various types of irrigation. These include spray irrigation, flood irrigation, furrow irrigation and drip irrigation.
Spray Irrigation
Water is distributed and sprayed over the field from a central location. This method is more efficient than flood irrigation because it requires less water and a lot less water is lost to evaporation or runoff.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia
Flood Irrigation
Is a type of surface irrigation. Water is dumped onto the land and distributed all over the field.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia
Furrow Irrigation
This Is a type of surface irrigation that uses trenches that are dug between rows of crops. Furrow irrigation is inexpensive and there is some water loss.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia
Drip Irrigation
A localized irrigation system that conserves water and distributes water close to the plant roots. Drip irrigation uses a hose with holes in it and is by far the most efficient way to irrigate but it is the most costly as well.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia
Salinization
A process by which salt remains in the soil after the water evaporates. This salt buildup overtime is toxic to plants. Monitoring your soil, maintaining proper vegetation and the utilization of proper irrigation techniques for the soil conditions help reduce the chances of salinization occurring. Aquifers are underground water storage for groundwater. It gathers water that seeps through porous rock, permeable rock (like sandstone or soil), and percolates down to where the water is trapped in by non porous rock, such as clay. One of the largest aquifers is the Ogallala aquifer found in the great plains. To use the water from an aquifer, the water needs to be pumped out and an aquifer can be recharged with water, but it takes a long time to replenish.
Image Courtesy of Wikimedia
🎥 Watch: AP Environmental Science - Agricultural Practices III
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Major Environmental Disasters
- Why Do I Need to Know These?
- What Are These Major Environmental Disasters?
- Unit 6 - Energy Resources - Disasters
- Chernobyl, Ukraine
- Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania
- Fukushima Daiichi Reactor, Japan
- Exxon Valdez, Alaska
- Unit 7 - Air Pollution - Disasters
- Great Smog, London
- Unit 8 - Aquatic/Terrestrial Pollution, Waste, and Toxicity - Disasters
- Bhopal, India
- Love Canal, New York
- Minamata Bay, Japan
- Unit 9 - Global Change - Disasters
- Great Barrier Coral Reef Bleaching, Australia, Pacific Ocean
Required Environmental Legislation
- Why Do I Need to Know These?
- What Are The Required Pieces of Legislation?
- Laws Involving the Disposal of Hazardous Wastes
- RCRA: Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
- CERCLA: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act
- Air & Water Protection
- Clean Air Act
- Clean Water Act
- Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
- Biodiversity Protection
- CITES: Convention on Int’l Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna & Flora
- Endangered Species Act
- Commonly Confused International Protocols
- Montreal Protocol
- Kyoto Protocol
- Carcinogens
- Delaney Clause Of Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
✍️ Free Response Questions (FRQs)
🏜 Unit 1: The Living World: Ecosystems
🐠 Unit 2: The Living World: Biodiversity
👪 Unit 3: Populations
3.0Unit 3 Overview: Populations
- ⚡ Key Terms
- 3.1 Generalist and Specialist Species
- 3.2 K Selected and r selected species
- 3.3 Survivorship curves
- 3.4 Carrying Capacity
- 3.5 Population Growth and Resource Availability
- 3.6 Age Structure Diagrams
- 3.7 Total fertility rate
- 3.8 Human Population Dynamics
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- ⚡ Quick Study - Key Terms
🌏 Unit 4: Earth Systems and Resources
🏖 Unit 5: Land and Water Use
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💨 Unit 7: Atmospheric Pollution
♻️ Unit 8: Aquatic and Terrestrial Pollution
🔥 Unit 9: Global Change
🧐 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
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