Columns

Definition

Columns are vertical structural elements that serve to support and stabilize a building, often characterized by their cylindrical shape and distinct bases, shafts, and capitals. In Neoclassical architecture, columns are not only functional but also play a significant aesthetic role, embodying the ideals of symmetry, proportion, and harmony inspired by classical Greek and Roman architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In Neoclassical architecture, columns are often arranged in porticos or colonnades, enhancing the grandeur and elegance of public buildings.
2. Columns in this style frequently draw inspiration from ancient Greek and Roman temples, reflecting ideals of democracy and civic virtue.
3. The use of columns in Neoclassical architecture can be seen as a response to the ornate styles of the Baroque period, promoting simplicity and clarity instead.
4. Columns are typically made from stone or marble in Neoclassical buildings, emphasizing durability and permanence.
5. Different column orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) not only serve structural purposes but also convey different aesthetic values and historical references.

Review Questions

• How do columns contribute to the aesthetic appeal of Neoclassical architecture?
  • Columns play a crucial role in the aesthetic appeal of Neoclassical architecture by providing a sense of order and proportion. Their arrangement in porticos or colonnades adds to the building's grandeur while reflecting the harmony found in ancient Greek and Roman designs. The use of different column orders also allows architects to convey varying degrees of elegance and sophistication, enhancing the overall visual impact of structures.
• Compare and contrast the different classical orders of columns used in Neoclassical architecture.
  • In Neoclassical architecture, the three main classical orders—Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian—each have distinct characteristics that contribute to their uniqueness. The Doric Order is the simplest with a sturdy appearance; the Ionic Order adds elegance with its scroll-like volutes; while the Corinthian Order is the most ornate with intricate foliage designs. These differences not only affect their structural roles but also influence the stylistic choices architects make when designing buildings.
• Evaluate how the revival of classical column styles in Neoclassical architecture reflects broader cultural shifts during its time.
  • The revival of classical column styles in Neoclassical architecture reflects significant cultural shifts toward Enlightenment ideals, emphasizing reason, democracy, and civic responsibility. This architectural movement sought to distance itself from the excesses of Baroque design by promoting simplicity, clarity, and a return to classical sources. As architects embraced these ancient forms, they not only celebrated historical precedents but also aligned their work with contemporary values around government and society during a period marked by revolutions and reform.

Related terms

Doric Order: The Doric Order is the simplest and oldest of the classical orders of architecture, featuring a sturdy column with a fluted shaft and a plain capital.

Ionic Order: The Ionic Order is characterized by slender columns with an elaborate capital featuring volutes or scroll-like ornaments.

Corinthian Order: The Corinthian Order is the most ornate of the classical orders, distinguished by its tall columns and elaborate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves.