Elite Theory

Definition

Elite Theory is a political theory that suggests a small group of elites holds the majority of power and influence in society, often overshadowing the general population in decision-making processes. This theory emphasizes that regardless of the type of democracy in place, whether direct or representative, the elites have a disproportionate amount of control over political resources and outcomes, which can lead to inequalities in political power and representation.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Elite Theory posits that societal decisions are made by a select group of individuals or organizations that hold power, often sidelining the broader populace.
2. The theory suggests that even in democratic systems, policies and governance are heavily influenced by elites, leading to potential disconnects between government actions and public needs.
3. Critics of Elite Theory argue that it underestimates the role of mass movements and grassroots activism in shaping political outcomes.
4. The concept of elite theory can be seen in various forms of governance, where elite groups may include business leaders, politicians, or intellectuals who hold sway over public policy.
5. Understanding Elite Theory is crucial for analyzing power dynamics within different democracies and how they may favor certain groups over others.

Review Questions

• How does Elite Theory explain the relationship between power and democracy?
  • Elite Theory explains that even in democratic systems where all citizens theoretically have a voice, real power often lies with a small group of elites. These elites, who can be from business, political, or social backgrounds, typically influence policies and decisions significantly more than the average citizen. As a result, this can lead to a gap between public opinion and governmental action, suggesting that true representation in democracy might be compromised.
• Discuss how Elite Theory can be contrasted with Pluralism in understanding political power dynamics.
  • Elite Theory contrasts sharply with Pluralism, which posits that multiple competing groups shape policy and influence governance. While Elite Theory argues that a small, cohesive group maintains control over political resources and decision-making, Pluralism suggests that diversity among interest groups leads to a more equitable distribution of power. This means that while elites may dominate in certain areas according to Elite Theory, Pluralism emphasizes the potential for various groups to challenge elite dominance and represent broader interests.
• Evaluate the implications of Elite Theory on social movements and public participation in governance.
  • Evaluating Elite Theory reveals significant implications for social movements and public participation. It suggests that grassroots movements may struggle to effect change due to the entrenched interests of powerful elites who control major resources and decision-making processes. However, this perspective also raises critical questions about how social movements can mobilize to challenge elite dominance. Understanding these dynamics helps analyze historical instances where mass movements have successfully shifted political landscapes despite elite resistance.

Related terms

Oligarchy: A form of power structure in which power resides in the hands of a small number of people, often characterized by wealth or family ties.

Pluralism:

A theory that argues that multiple groups compete for power and influence in a democracy, suggesting that no single elite dominates the political landscape.

Political Socialization:

The process through which individuals learn and develop their political beliefs, values, and behaviors, often influenced by elite perspectives.