AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes
9.8: Institutions Developing in a Globalized World
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP World History Guided Notes
AMSCO 9.8 - Institutions Developing in a Globalized World
Essential Questions
- How did globalization change international interactions between states after 1900?
I. The United Nations: A Structure for Peace
1. What was the primary goal of the United Nations when it was founded in 1945?
2. Why did the United Nations succeed where the League of Nations failed?
A. League of Nations vs. United Nations
1. What was the purpose of the League of Nations and why did it disband?
2. How did the major powers' approach to international organization differ between 1920 and 1945?
II. Assemblies of the United Nations
A. The General Assembly
1. What is the General Assembly and what decisions does it make?
2. How does voting work in the General Assembly?
B. The Security Council
1. What is the composition of the Security Council and what powers does it have?
2. Why was veto power granted to the five permanent members and what problems did this create?
C. The Secretariat
1. What is the role of the Secretariat and why does the secretary general typically come from a small, neutral nation?
D. The International Court of Justice
1. What disputes does the International Court of Justice settle and what is a limitation of its power?
E. The Economic and Social Council
1. What activities does the Economic and Social Council direct and what issues did it address in the early 21st century?
F. The Trusteeship Council
1. What was the mission of the Trusteeship Council and why did it suspend operations?
III. The UN and Human Rights
1. What was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and why was it a significant achievement?
2. What types of human rights abuses has the UN investigated since 1948?
IV. Keeping the Peace
1. What is the primary method the UN uses to prevent conflicts and what role do peacekeeping forces play?
A. Expansion in the 1990s
1. How did the number of UN peacekeeping operations change between 1988 and 1993?
2. What regions did the UN send peacekeeping missions to in the 1990s and what were some successes and failures?
B. Challenges for Peacekeeping Missions
1. What are the main challenges faced by UN peacekeeping missions?
2. How did the nature of UN peacekeeping missions change by 2019?
V. Other UN Priorities
A. Protecting Refugees
1. How does the UN help refugees and what are examples of refugee populations it has assisted?
B. Feeding the Hungry
1. What is the World Food Program and what impact has it had since its founding in 1961?
C. Supporting Education, Science, and Culture
1. What is UNESCO and what are its main functions?
2. Why have some countries withdrawn from UNESCO?
D. Other UN Missions
1. What organizations did the UN create to address health, children's welfare, and human rights monitoring?
E. The Global Goals
1. What are the UN's 17 Global Goals established in 2015 and what partners does the UN work with to achieve them?
VI. International Financial NGOs
1. What role have NGOs played in working with the United Nations on economic issues?
A. The World Bank
1. What is the World Bank and how has its mission evolved since its creation in 1944?
2. What criticisms have been made of World Bank projects?
B. The International Monetary Fund (IMF)
1. What is the purpose of the International Monetary Fund and what criticisms have economists made of its practices?
VII. NGOs Separate from the UN
1. What is the International Peace Bureau and what causes has it advocated for?
2. Why do NGOs separate from the UN also play an important role in maintaining world peace?
Key Terms
General Assembly
Security Council
Secretariat
secretary-general
International Court of Justice
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council
World Bank
International Monetary Foundation (IMF)
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
peacekeeping action
World Food Program (WFP)
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
Human Rights Watch
International Peace Bureau