AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes

9.3: Technology and the Environment

AP World History
AMSCO Guided Notes

AP World History Guided Notes

AMSCO 9.3 - Technology and the Environment

Essential Questions

  1. What were the causes and effects of environmental changes from 1900 to the present?
A. Causes of Environmental Changes

1. Population Growth

1. How did world population growth from 1900 to 2000 contribute to environmental changes?

2. What effects did increased agricultural demand have on both land and water resources?

2. Urbanization

1. How does rapid urbanization pressure food production and create environmental damage?

2. What environmental problems result from the waste produced by city dwellers?

3. Globalization and Industrialization

1. How did the spread of industrialization to developing countries affect natural resource consumption?

2. How has the growth of a new middle class in developing countries contributed to environmental problems?

B. Effects of Environmental Changes

1. Resource Depletion

1. How much of Earth's petroleum reserves have been consumed since the mid-1800s, and what do experts predict about future depletion?

2. What is the relationship between growing urban and industrial populations and the rate of resource consumption?

2. Inequality and Scarce Resources

1. What is the current global water crisis and how does it affect access to clean drinking water?

2. How does water scarcity disproportionately affect women and children in developing countries?

3. What connection exists between water collection time and girls' school attendance?

3. Changes in the Atmosphere

1. What are greenhouse gases and how do they contribute to trapping heat in Earth's atmosphere?

2. How has industrialization increased atmospheric pollution while natural carbon-trapping resources have declined?

4. Development of Renewable Energy Sources

1. What are renewable energy sources and why did companies and nations begin investing in them?

2. What factors allowed renewable energy to become more economically attractive, and what do experts predict for 2050?

5. Increasing Environmental Awareness

1. What was the Club of Rome and what concerns did it raise about resource depletion?

2. How did the Green Belt Movement address environmental problems and what additional benefits did tree planting provide?

C. Debates About Global Warming

1. Scientific Consensus and Skepticism

1. What evidence do scientists cite for global warming and what consequences do they predict if carbon footprints are not reduced?

2. What arguments do climate-change skeptics and energy industry leaders make against government intervention?

2. Kyoto

1. What was the Kyoto Protocol and why did major developed and developing nations disagree on its terms?

3. Global Action at Paris

1. How did the Paris Agreement represent progress on climate change, and what challenge did it face in 2017?

4. Climate Activism

1. How did Greta Thunberg's climate activism grow from a solo protest into a global movement?

2. What tactics did Extinction Rebellion use to pressure governments on climate change and what results did they achieve?

D. A New Age?

1. What is the Holocene epoch and why did some scientists propose replacing it with the Anthropocene?

2. What does the term Anthropocene mean and what does its adoption reflect about human influence on Earth?

Key Terms

Green Party

Green Belt Movement

deforestation

desertification

air quality

greenhouse gases

fossil fuels

water scarcity

renewable energy

global warming

carbon footprint

Anthropocene

Kyoto Protocol

Paris Agreement