AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes
9.5: Calls for Reform and Responses
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP World History Guided Notes
AMSCO 9.5 - Calls for Reform and Responses
Essential Questions
- How have social categories, roles, and practices changed and stayed the same since 1900?
I. An Era of Rights
1. What was the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and what fundamental principle did it establish?
A. The UN and Human Rights
1. What role has the United Nations played in promoting and protecting human rights since 1948?
2. How do the International Court of Justice and UNHCR address different aspects of human rights protection?
B. Global Feminism
1. What does the 2017 Women's March on Washington demonstrate about the nature of modern feminism?
2. What key rights and protections did the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women establish?
C. Cultural and Religious Movements
1. How did the Negritude Movement challenge colonial authority and what did it emphasize about African identity?
2. What was liberation theology and how did it interpret religious teachings to address social inequality?
3. What successes did liberation theology achieve in Latin America, and how did the Catholic Church eventually respond to it?
II. Steps toward Gender Equality
1. Why did women in different countries and different racial groups not gain voting rights at the same time?
2. What does the variation in when women gained voting rights reveal about the relationship between legal rights and their actual exercise?
III. Steps toward Racial Equality
A. South Africa's Colonial Legacy
1. What was apartheid and how did it systematically marginalize the majority black population in South Africa?
2. How did European colonization of South Africa create the conditions that led to apartheid?
B. Challenges to Apartheid
1. How did Nelson Mandela's imprisonment inspire a global movement against apartheid?
2. What international pressure and internal reforms led to the end of apartheid in South Africa?
3. What was the significance of South Africa's first free elections in 1994?
C. Uniting South Africa
1. How did the Truth and Reconciliation Commission differ from the Nuremberg Trials in its approach to justice?
D. Caste Reservation in India
1. What was the caste reservation system and how did it attempt to address historical discrimination against Dalits?
IV. Human Rights Repression in China
A. Tiananmen Square
1. What triggered the 1989 protests in Tiananmen Square and what did the demonstrators demand?
2. How did the Chinese government respond to the Tiananmen Square protests and what measures did it take to suppress information about the event?
B. Minority Rights in China
1. What grievances have ethnic minorities in China, such as Tibetans and Uighurs, raised against the government?
2. What environmental and cultural concerns motivated Mongolian protests in Inner Mongolia?
V. Steps toward Environmental Repair
A. Earth Day
1. What was the purpose of Earth Day and what environmental goals did its organizers hope to achieve?
B. Greenpeace
1. What environmental issues has Greenpeace targeted and what methods has it used to advocate for environmental protection?
C. Green Belt Movement
1. How did the Green Belt Movement address environmental degradation in Kenya and what broader impact did it have on women's participation?
VI. Steps toward Economic Fairness
1. Why was the World Fair Trade Organization created and what principles guide its member organizations?
Key Terms
Nelson Mandela
Negritude Movement
Léopold Sédar Senghor
Pope Francis
Liberation Theology
W.E.B. Du Bois
Desmond Tutu
F. W. de Klerk
Wangari Maathai
Earth Day
Greenpeace
Green Belt Movement
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF)
International Court of Justice
human rights
refugees
Civil Rights Act
Voting Rights Act
apartheid
pass laws
African National Congress
pariah state
Truth and Reconciliation Commission
Dalits
caste reservation system
Tiananmen Square