1. What is malaria, how is it spread, and why has it been difficult to eliminate?

2. What preventive measures and treatments have been developed for malaria, and what challenges remain?

1. How is tuberculosis transmitted and what medical breakthrough occurred in 1946?

2. What new challenge emerged in the early 21st century regarding tuberculosis treatment?

1. What causes cholera and what are the most effective methods to prevent and treat it?

1. What were the two major vaccine breakthroughs against polio and who developed them?

2. How successful has the global polio elimination campaign been, and what obstacles remain in certain regions?

1. What was the scale and impact of the 1918 flu pandemic on global populations and life expectancy?

2. How did the 1918 flu spread and what made it particularly deadly compared to other historical pandemics?

1. How is HIV transmitted and why was funding for AIDS research initially difficult to obtain?

2. What medical breakthrough occurred in the mid-1990s and how did Brazil's approach to treatment differ from other countries?

3. What is the current global status of HIV/AIDS and who remains most vulnerable to infection?

1. What is Ebola, how is it transmitted, and what was the impact of the 2014 West African outbreak?

2. How did the international response to Ebola demonstrate the potential for coordinated global public health efforts?

1. What are the causes of heart disease and what major medical innovations have improved treatment and survival?

2. How have outcomes for heart disease patients changed from the 1970s to the 2000s?

1. What is Alzheimer's disease and why has it become an increasing concern as populations age?