AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes
8.7: Global Resistance to Established Power Structures
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP World History Guided Notes
AMSCO 8.7 - Global Resistance to Established Power Structures
Essential Questions
- What were differing reactions to existing power structures after 1900?
I. Nonviolent Resistance as a Path to Change
1. What were three major nonviolent resistance movements of the 20th century and what did each achieve?
A. Mohandas Gandhi
1. What tactics did Mohandas Gandhi use to oppose British colonial rule in India?
B. Martin Luther King Jr.
1. What were the major tactics used by the civil rights movement to achieve desegregation?
2. How did court decisions and mass protests contribute to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1965?
C. Nelson Mandela
1. What was apartheid and how did Nelson Mandela lead resistance to it in South Africa?
II. Challenges to Soviet Power in Eastern Europe
A. Poland
1. What did Polish workers demand in 1956 and what changes did Wladyslaw Gomulka implement?
B. Hungary
1. What reforms did Imre Nagy propose for Hungary and how did the Soviet Union respond?
C. Czechoslovakia
1. What reforms did Alexander Dubcek introduce during the Prague Spring of 1968?
2. What was the Brezhnev Doctrine and how did it justify Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia?
III. 1968: The Year of Revolt
1. What conditions led to widespread student protests across the world in 1968?
A. France
1. How did the student movement in Paris escalate and what was the response from French workers?
B. The United States
1. What were the main causes of student protests in the United States during the 1960s?
2. How did the Kent State shooting in 1970 affect the student movement?
IV. An Age of Terrorism
1. How did terrorism differ from earlier forms of political resistance and conflict?
A. Conflict in Northern Ireland
1. What was the religious and political conflict in Northern Ireland and which groups fought in it?
2. How did the IRA use terrorism to advance its independence campaign and what eventually changed?
B. Separatists in Spain
1. What was the ETA and what methods did it use to pursue Basque independence?
C. Peru's Shining Path
1. What were the origins and goals of Shining Path and what was the scale of its violence?
D. Islamic Terrorism
1. What groups used Islamic fundamentalism to justify terrorism and where did they operate?
2. What was al-Qaeda and what was the significance of the September 11, 2001 attacks?
E. Terrorism in the United States
1. What sources of terrorism have occurred in the United States and what were their targets?
V. Response of Militarized States
A. The Franco Dictatorship in Spain
1. How did Francisco Franco come to power and what methods did he use to suppress opposition?
B. Intensified Conflict in Uganda under Idi Amin
1. What policies did Idi Amin implement that worsened conflict in Uganda?
2. How did Amin's expulsion of Asians and ethnic targeting affect Uganda and lead to his downfall?
VI. The Military-Industrial Complex
1. What is the military-industrial complex and why did it become difficult to reduce defense spending?
2. Why did President Eisenhower warn about the military-industrial complex and what threat did he identify?
Key Terms
Wladyslaw Gomulka
Imre Nagy
Prague Spring
Alexander Dubฤek
Brezhnev Doctrine
Irish Republican Army (IRA)
Ulster Defence Association
Basque Homeland and Freedom (ETA)
Abimael Guzmรกn
Shining Path
Martin Luther King Jr.
Nelson Mandela
Kent State University