AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes

8.4: Spread of Communism after 1900

AP World History
AMSCO Guided Notes

AP World History Guided Notes

AMSCO 8.4 - Spread of Communism after 1900

Essential Questions

  1. How did communism and land reform affect China and other countries?
I. Communism in China

1. Why did Chinese peasants support the Communists over the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War?

A. Victory by the Communists

1. How did Mao Zedong gain popular support and defeat the Nationalists in 1949?

2. What economic policies did Mao implement after establishing the People's Republic of China?

B. Great Leap Forward

1. What was the Great Leap Forward and how did it reorganize Chinese agriculture?

2. What were the consequences of the Great Leap Forward for the Chinese people?

C. Cultural Revolution

1. What were the goals and methods of the Cultural Revolution?

2. How did the Cultural Revolution affect Chinese society and Mao's political power?

D. Relations with the Soviets

1. Why were China and the Soviet Union hostile to each other despite both being communist states?

II. Turmoil in Iran

1. What foreign powers competed for control of Iran and why did their interest intensify in the early 20th century?

A. Foreign Influence

1. How did Russia and Britain intervene in Iran during World War II and what was the result?

2. What happened to Mohammad Mosaddegh and why did the United States and Great Britain oppose his government?

B. Land Reform in the White Revolution

1. What were the White Revolution reforms and what was their primary goal regarding land ownership?

2. Why did the shah's land reform program face opposition from multiple groups in Iranian society?

C. The Iranian Revolution

1. What factors led to the 1979 Iranian Revolution and what type of government replaced the shah?

2. How did the new Iranian government's worldview and policies differ from those of the shah?

III. Land Reform in Latin America

1. Why did Latin American leaders view land reform as important for their countries' progress?

A. Venezuela

1. How did Venezuela's land reform program redistribute land and what problems did it create?

2. What political consequences resulted from Venezuela's land reform efforts?

B. Guatemala

1. What land reform efforts did Jacob Arbenz's government undertake and why was he overthrown?

IV. Land Reform in Asia and Africa

A. Vietnam

1. How did communist promises of land reform help them gain support in Vietnam?

2. Why was South Vietnam's government less popular than the communist government in North Vietnam?

B. Ethiopia

1. Why did Haile Selassie's leadership become unpopular in Ethiopia by the 1960s?

2. What changes occurred in Ethiopia after Mengistu Haile Mariam came to power in 1974?

C. India

1. What land reform policies did India implement after independence and what were the results?

2. How successful were land reform efforts in Kerala compared to the rest of India?

Key Terms

land reform

communes

theocracy

Mao Zedong

Great Leap Forward

Cultural Revolution

Red Guards

White Revolution

Muhammad Reza Pahlavi

Mohammad Mosaddegh

Haile Selassie

Mengistu Haile Mariam