AP World History AMSCO Guided Notes
8.5: Decolonization after 1900
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP World History Guided Notes
AMSCO 8.5 - Decolonization after 1900
Essential Questions
- How did people pursue independence after 1900?
I. Movements for Autonomy: India and Pakistan
1. What role did the Indian National Congress and Mohandas Gandhi play in India's independence movement?
2. Why did the Muslim League advocate for a separate nation, and what was the outcome?
A. Division and Conflict
1. What historical tensions between Muslims and Hindus led to the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947?
2. How did the Royal Indian Navy Revolt in 1946 contribute to Britain's decision to grant independence?
II. Decolonization in Ghana and Algeria
A. Ghana
1. How did Kwame Nkrumah use nationalist ideas and nation-building projects to establish Ghana's independence and identity?
2. What was Pan-Africanism and how did Nkrumah promote it through the Organization of African Unity?
3. What challenges did Ghana face after independence, and how did Nkrumah's rule change by 1964?
B. Algeria
1. Why did the Algerian War for Independence (1954-1962) involve more violence than Ghana's path to independence?
2. How did Charles de Gaulle's approach to Algerian independence differ from traditional parliamentary processes?
3. What were the consequences of Algerian independence for France and for Algeria's political development?
C. Algerian Civil War
1. What triggered the Algerian Civil War in 1991, and how did the military and Islamic movements shape the conflict?
D. Comparing Ghana and Algeria
1. How did Ghana and Algeria differ in their paths to stable governance after independence?
2. What role did religious and ethnic tensions play in shaping post-independence politics in each country?
III. Negotiated Independence in French West Africa
1. How did France's system of indirect rule and economic investment in West Africa differ from its approach in Algeria?
2. What political movements emerged in French West Africa by the mid-1950s, and how did they lead to independence?
IV. Nationalism and Division in Vietnam
1. How did Ho Chi Minh use nationalist appeals to challenge French colonial rule in Indochina?
2. Why was the 1956 election planned for Vietnam never held, and what was the consequence?
3. What were the major outcomes of the Vietnam War, and how did it affect Southeast Asia and U.S.-Vietnam relations?
V. Struggles and Compromise in Egypt
1. How did Britain maintain influence over Egypt even after Egypt's nominal independence in 1922?
A. Gamal Abdel Nasser
1. What were Gamal Abdel Nasser's major domestic policies, and how did they reflect his vision for Egypt?
2. What is Pan-Arabism and how did Nasser promote it as part of his political agenda?
B. The Suez Crisis
1. Why did Nasser nationalize the Suez Canal, and what international response did this action provoke?
2. How did the United States and Soviet Union resolve the Suez Crisis, and what did this reveal about Cold War dynamics?
VI. Independence and Civil War in Nigeria
1. What caused the Biafran Civil War, and why did the Igbos seek secession from Nigeria?
2. How did Nigeria's government attempt to prevent ethnic and religious conflict after the civil war?
3. What ongoing tensions in the Niger River Delta region continued to challenge Nigeria's stability?
VII. Canada and the "Silent Revolution" in Quebec
1. How did the historical division between French Catholic and English Protestant cultures shape Quebec's political identity?
2. What changes occurred during Quebec's Quiet Revolution of the 1960s, and how did they fuel separatist sentiment?
3. How did Pierre Trudeau address Quebec's desire for independence, and what was the outcome of the 1995 referendum?
Key Terms
Kwame Nkrumah
Charles de Gaulle
Ho Chi Minh
Gamal Abdel Nasser
one-party state
Algerian War for Independence
Algerian Civil War
Suez Crisis
Biafran Civil War
Quiet Revolution
Muslim League
Organization of African Unity (OAU)
Viet Cong