AP European History AMSCO Guided Notes
9.9: Decolonization
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP European History Guided Notes
AMSCO 9.9 - Decolonization
Essential Questions
- What were the various ways in which colonial groups around the world sought independence from colonizers in the 20th and 21st centuries?
I. Decolonization Replaces European Empires
1. What role did nationalist forces play in World War I and what empires were dismantled as a result?
A. National Self-Determination
1. What was Woodrow Wilson's principle of national self-determination and why did it appeal to nationalists in colonial territories?
2. How did British promises of gradual self-governance in India differ from what Indian nationalists demanded after World War I?
3. What role did colonial subjects from Africa play in World War I for France, and how did French reforms after the war affect nationalist movements?
II. The Mandate System
A. Middle East Mandates
1. What was the mandate system and how did it affect Arab territories in the Middle East after World War I?
2. Which European powers received mandates in the Middle East and what territories did each control?
B. Mandates and Oil
1. Why did oil become strategically important to European powers in the Middle East during and after World War I?
2. How did the peace negotiations after World War I affect control of oil resources in the former Ottoman territories?
III. Nationalist Movements and Delayed Independence
1. What two major factors allowed nationalist movements to achieve independence after World War II?
A. Indochina
1. How did the Viet Minh under Ho Chi Minh achieve Vietnamese independence from France and what happened to Vietnam afterward?
2. What was the fate of Laos and Cambodia after the French defeat in Indochina?
B. Indonesia
1. How did early Indonesian nationalist organizations attempt to gain support and why did these efforts initially fail?
2. What role did Japanese occupation play in Indonesian independence and how did Sukarno govern after becoming president?
C. North Africa
1. Why was France reluctant to grant independence to Algeria compared to Morocco and Tunisia?
2. How did the National Liberation Front (FLN) achieve Algerian independence and what impact did the war have on France?
D. Southern Africa
1. How did the decolonization process in southern Africa differ from that in North Africa?
2. What international actors became involved in Angola after independence and why did Cold War tensions affect the region?
IV. Effects of Decolonization
1. How did European influence persist in former colonies after decolonization?
2. What was the pattern of migration from former colonies to Europe between 1950 and 1973 and what tensions resulted?
Key Terms
Woodrow Wilson
mandate system
Sukarno
self-determination
Viet Minh
National Liberation Front (FLN)
Indian National Congress
Ho Chi Minh