1. What was NATO and what was its primary purpose?

2. How did NATO membership benefit Western European nations?

1. What were the purposes of the Bretton Woods Conference and what two major institutions did it create?

2. How does the IMF determine voting power among member nations?

3. What was GATT and how did it affect international trade barriers?

4. How did the WTO differ from GATT and what role does it play in international trade?

5. What are the main criticisms of the WTO?

1. What was COMECON and why did the Soviet Union create it?

2. How did the Soviets use COMECON to control Eastern European economies after Stalin's death?

1. What was the Warsaw Pact and which countries were its members?

2. How did the Warsaw Pact increase Soviet dominance over Eastern European nations?

3. How did the Soviet Union use the Warsaw Pact to justify military interventions in Hungary and Czechoslovakia?

1. What was the Soviet bloc and how did Soviet control differ from Western European government control?

2. Which Eastern European countries maintained communist governments independent of Soviet control?

1. How did centrally planned economies in the Soviet bloc determine what was produced and where?

2. What were the priorities of Stalin's five-year plans and how did they affect ordinary Soviet citizens?

3. How did the Soviet Union control the economies of Eastern European satellite nations through COMECON?

4. What social welfare programs did Soviet-bloc states provide and what were their limitations?

5. What were the major weaknesses of centrally planned economies?

1. How did communist regimes suppress dissent and what methods did they use?

2. What role did the secret police play in maintaining communist control?

1. Why did East German leaders build the Berlin Wall and what was its physical structure?

2. How successful was the Berlin Wall in preventing emigration from East Germany?

3. What methods did other Eastern European countries use to limit emigration?

4. What were the economic consequences of emigration from Hungary and other Eastern European nations?

1. What was de-Stalinization and what political restrictions did Khrushchev ease?

2. What economic reforms did Khrushchev introduce and why did they ultimately fail?

1. What factors led to revolts in Eastern Europe during the late 1950s and 1960s?

2. How did the Soviet Union respond to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and what were the consequences?

3. What was the Prague Spring and how did the Soviet Union respond to it?

4. What was the Brezhnev Doctrine and how did it justify Soviet intervention in Eastern Europe?

1. What was socialist realism and how did artists in communist countries respond to this approved art form?

1. What was Lysenkoism and what were its consequences for Soviet science and agriculture?

1. How did the Soviet Union attempt to suppress religion and what was the arrangement in Poland?

2. How did the election of Pope John Paul II affect Poland's resistance to communism?

1. How did Nicolae Ceausescu's rule in Romania differ from other Eastern European communist regimes?

2. What were the consequences of Ceausescu's 1966 ban on contraception and abortion?