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AP European History AMSCO Guided Notes

9.10: The European Union

AP European History
AMSCO Guided Notes
9.1 Contextualizing Cold War and Contemporary Europe
9.2 Rebuilding Europe
9.3 The Cold War
9.4 Two Super Powers Emerge
9.5 Postwar Nationalism, Ethnic Conflict, and Atrocities
9.6 Contemporary Western Democracies
9.7 The Fall of Communism
9.8 20th-Century Feminism
9.9 Decolonization
9.10 The European Union
9.11 Migration and Immigration
9.12 Technology
9.13 Globalization
9.14 20th- and 21st-Century Culture, Arts, and Demographic Trends
9.15 Continuity and Change in the 20th and 21st Centuries

AP European History Guided Notes

AMSCO 9.10 - The European Union

Essential Questions

  1. How has the formation and existence of the European Union influence economic developments from the end of World War II to the present?
I. European Integration After World War II

1. What were the main reasons European countries sought greater cooperation after World War II?

2. How did the Marshall Plan contribute to European economic integration?

A. Early Steps Toward Integration

1. What was the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) and what role did it play in postwar recovery?

2. What was the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and how did Robert Schuman believe it would prevent future conflict?

B. Expansion and Development of the European Union

1. What did the Treaty of Rome in 1957 establish and what were its main provisions?

2. How did the Single European Act of 1986 and the Maastricht Treaty of 1991 expand European integration?

3. Why was the 2004 expansion of the EU significant for European reunification?

II. Modern Europe

A. Positive Outcomes

1. What economic and social advantages did EU membership provide to member countries?

2. How did EU membership contribute to Europe's most peaceful and prosperous period in centuries?

B. Ongoing Challenges

1. What legal requirements did the EU impose on member states and why did some citizens object to them?

2. How did open borders within the EU create both opportunities and security challenges?

3. What economic tensions arose from EU membership, particularly during the 2007-2008 financial crisis?

4. How did some EU member states attempt to preserve their distinct cultures and languages?

III. Leaving the European Union

1. What was Brexit and what were the main complications surrounding Britain's departure from the EU?

2. According to political scientist Markus Gastinger, what factors might determine the EU's future survival and which countries might potentially leave?

Key Terms

Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

European Parliament

European Economic Community (EEC)

Common Market

euro

European Union (EU)

Brexit