1. What was the extent of human and physical destruction in Europe after World War II?

2. Why did the United States face a different postwar situation than European countries?

3. What concerns did American leaders have about the postwar European situation and communism?

1. What was the Marshall Plan and what were its goals?

2. Why did the Soviet Union and its satellite nations reject participation in the Marshall Plan?

1. How did Marshall Plan funds contribute to Western European economic recovery?

2. What evidence demonstrates the success of the Marshall Plan in reviving European industry?

1. What were the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community, and how did they promote recovery?

2. What does the term 'economic miracle' refer to in the context of West Germany's postwar recovery?

3. How did postwar economic growth in Western Europe affect consumer behavior and quality of life?

1. What was the welfare state and how did postwar economic growth enable its expansion?

2. How did consumerism become increasingly important to European economies and societies after World War II?

3. What evidence shows the dramatic growth of consumerism in postwar Europe?