| aesthetic rationale | A reasoned explanation of formal and stylistic choices made in creating an artistic work. |
| agreement of elements | The grammatical consistency between related words, such as subject-verb agreement or pronoun-antecedent agreement. |
| argument | A reasoned position supported by evidence and logic to convey a perspective, point of view, or version of the truth. |
| audience | The intended readers or recipients of an academic paper, whose needs, expectations, and level of expertise influence the paper's content, tone, and structure. |
| audience engagement | The degree to which an audience is actively involved with and attentive to the communicated information. |
| audience feedback | Responses and comments from viewers or listeners used to inform revisions and improvements to a presentation or performance. |
| bibliography | A complete list of all sources cited and consulted in an academic paper, formatted according to the appropriate disciplinary style. |
| coherence | The quality of an argument in which all elements and ideas flow logically and smoothly, with clear relationships between parts. |
| coherent argument | A well-organized and logically connected set of claims and evidence that supports a main idea. |
| cohesive academic paper | A written work in which all elements and ideas are logically connected and flow smoothly together to support a central argument or research goal. |
| commentary | Explanation or analysis that connects evidence to the thesis and clarifies its significance. |
| concession | An acknowledgment of the validity or strength of an opposing argument or point. |
| conclusion and future directions | The final section of an academic paper that reflects on the research process, discusses the potential impact on the field, and identifies possible next steps. |
| consistency of tense | The maintenance of the same verb tense throughout a piece of writing to avoid confusion. |
| context | The circumstances, background information, and existing knowledge in a field that frame and give meaning to a research question or project goal. |
| conviction | The confident and persuasive presentation of ideas with strong belief in their validity and importance. |
| counterargument | Arguments that oppose or challenge the main argument's position. |
| credibility | The quality of being trustworthy and believable, which is enhanced through accurate and ethical attribution of sources. |
| delivery | The techniques and methods used when presenting or performing work, including vocal and physical elements that engage an audience. |
| design elements | Visual and structural components such as headings, layout, illustrations, pull quotes, captions, and lists that organize information and enhance audience engagement. |
| discipline-specific language | Specialized terminology and jargon particular to a specific field of study or profession. |
| discussion, analysis, and/or evaluation | The section of an academic paper that interprets the significance of results or findings, explores connections to the original research question, and discusses implications and limitations. |
| emphasis | The technique of highlighting or drawing attention to particular ideas through sentence structure and placement. |
| energy | The level of enthusiasm and intensity conveyed by a speaker through delivery techniques to engage and maintain audience attention. |
| evidence | Information, data, or examples used to support or prove claims in an argument, including facts, observations, predictions, analogies, and explanations. |
| exhibit | A public display or presentation of work, often in a visual or interactive format. |
| eye contact | Direct visual connection between a speaker and audience members, used to convey confidence and engage listeners. |
| findings | The outcomes, evidence, or discoveries produced by research or a creative project. |
| gap in knowledge | An area or aspect of a field that has not been adequately addressed, explained, or researched, which an inquiry aims to fill. |
| grammar | The system of rules governing the structure and formation of sentences in a language. |
| imagery | Descriptive language that appeals to the senses and creates vivid mental pictures for the reader. |
| infographics | Visual representations of data and information designed to communicate complex information quickly and clearly to an audience. |
| inquiry choices | The specific decisions made about research questions, methodologies, sources, and approaches selected for an academic investigation. |
| introduction | The opening section of an academic paper that provides background information, contextualizes the research question, reviews previous work in the field, and identifies the gap in knowledge to be addressed. |
| mechanics | The technical aspects of writing including spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. |
| media | The channels or formats through which information is communicated to an audience, such as essays, posters, oral presentations, documentaries, or research reports. |
| medium | The channel or format through which an argument is communicated, such as written text, speech, or digital media. |
| method, process, or approach | The specific technique, procedure, or strategy used to conduct research or complete a project, including justification for its selection. |
| organizational elements | Structural components that arrange information in a logical and accessible way to aid understanding and guide audience attention. |
| performance | The act of presenting or executing work in front of an audience, often involving rehearsal and refinement. |
| placement of modifiers | The positioning of descriptive words or phrases in a sentence to clearly relate to the words they modify. |
| portfolio | A collection of work presented to demonstrate accomplishments and skills across multiple pieces or projects. |
| poster | A visual presentation format that displays information and work in a condensed, graphical manner. |
| precision | The quality of being exact and specific in word choice to convey meaning clearly and eliminate ambiguity. |
| premiere | The first public presentation or performance of a completed work. |
| purpose | The intended goal or objective of scholarly inquiry, which may be to address practical, theoretical, interpretive, or aesthetic problems. |
| rationale | The logical reasoning or justification provided for why particular decisions were made in conducting research and developing arguments. |
| rebuttal | A direct response or counter-response to an opposing argument or criticism. |
| redundancy | The unnecessary repetition of words or ideas that have already been expressed. |
| refutation | A response that disproves or argues against an opposing claim or counterargument. |
| rehearsal | Practice sessions where a speaker or performer refines their delivery and performance before presenting to an audience. |
| research question | A focused inquiry that guides scholarly investigation and defines what the researcher seeks to explore, explain, or understand. |
| revision | The process of reviewing and making changes to work to improve quality and effectiveness. |
| sentence structure | The arrangement and organization of words and clauses within a sentence to create meaning and effect. |
| showcase | A presentation or event designed to display and highlight completed work to an audience. |
| style | The distinctive manner of expression in writing, including word choice, sentence structure, and tone. |
| tempo | The speed or pace at which a speaker delivers content, used to convey tone and maintain audience engagement. |
| thesis | The main idea or central claim of an argument that the writer seeks to prove or support. |
| tone | The writer's attitude or emotional stance toward a topic, conveyed through word choice and sentence structure. |
| transitions | Words, phrases, or techniques used to connect ideas and move the audience from one element or concept to another by illustrating relationships between them. |
| usage | The conventional and correct way words and phrases are employed in a language. |
| variety | The use of different sentence structures and lengths to create interest and maintain reader engagement. |
| vocal variety | Variation in tone, pitch, and inflection used during delivery to emphasize information and maintain audience interest. |
| volume | The loudness or intensity of sound used during a presentation to emphasize information and engage the audience. |
| word choice | The selection of specific words to convey meaning, create tone, and achieve precision in writing. |
| wordiness | The use of more words than necessary to express an idea, reducing clarity and efficiency. |