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AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes

6.3: Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development

AP US History
AMSCO Guided Notes
6.1 Contextualizing Period 6
6.2 Westward Expansion: Economic Development
6.3 Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development
6.4 The "New South"
6.5 Technological Innovation
6.6 The Rise of Industrial Capitalism
6.7 Labor in the Gilded Age
6.8 Immigration and Migration in the Gilded Age
6.9 Responses to Immigration in the Gilded Age
6.10 Development of the Middle Class
6.11 Reform in the Gilded Age
6.12 Role of Government in the Gilded Age
6.13 Politics in the Gilded Age
6.14 Continuity and Change Period 6

AP US History Guided Notes

AMSCO 6.3 - Westward Expansion: Social and Cultural Development

Learning Objectives

  1. Explain the causes and effects of the settlement of the West from 1877 to 1898.
I. The Closing of the Frontier

A. Turner's Frontier Thesis

1. What was Frederick Jackson Turner's frontier thesis and what cultural values did he argue the frontier promoted?

2. How did Turner describe the evolutionary process of frontier settlement?

B. Role of Towns and Cities

1. How did frontier cities and towns challenge Turner's evolutionary view of frontier development?

2. What role did urban markets and railroads play in frontier development after 1865?

C. American Without a Frontier

1. Why did Turner view the closing of the frontier as troubling for American society?

2. What major population movement characterized the 1890s and what does it reveal about American priorities?

II. American Indians in the West

1. What were the major differences among American Indian groups in the West in 1865?

A. Reservation Policy

1. What was the basis of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy and why did it fail?

2. How did the federal government attempt to control Plains Indian movements through the reservation system?

B. Indian Wars

1. What conflicts arose between American Indians and settlers in the late 1800s, and what were the causes?

2. How did the Indian Appropriation Act of 1871 change the federal government's relationship with American Indian tribes?

3. What were the consequences of the buffalo slaughter for Plains Indian culture and way of life?

C. Ghost Dancers and Wounded Knee

1. What was the Ghost Dance movement and how did the federal government respond to it?

D. Assimilationists

1. What was the assimilationist approach to American Indian policy and what methods did reformers use?

E. Dawes Severalty Act (1887)

1. What were the goals of the Dawes Act and how did it attempt to transform American Indian society?

2. What were the actual outcomes of the Dawes Act for American Indian lands and populations?

F. Changes in the 20th and 21st Centuries

1. How did federal Indian policy change during the New Deal era and what does this reveal about earlier policies?

III. Mexican Americans in the Southwest

1. How did Mexican independence and the Santa Fe Trail affect economic development in the Southwest?

2. What happened to Mexican landowners' property rights after the Mexican War despite legal guarantees?

3. What types of work did Mexican Americans perform in the West and what drew them to the region?

IV. The Conservation Movement

1. What concerns sparked the conservation movement and what role did art and photography play?

2. How did the Forest Reserve Act of 1891 and Forest Management Act of 1897 change federal land policy?

3. How did the goals of conservationists differ from those of preservationists like John Muir?

Key Terms

Frederick Jackson Turner

"The Significance of the Frontier in American History" (1893)

Little Big Horn

Ghost Dance movement

assimilationists

Helen Hunt Jackson

Dawes Act of 1887

Indian Reorganization Act

Santa Fe Trail

deforestation

Yosemite

Yellowstone

Forest Reserve Act of 1891

Forest Management Act of 1897

conservationists

preservationists

John Muir

Sierra Club