1. What factors made suburban living attractive to middle-class families in the late 19th century?

2. How did Frederick Law Olmsted's suburban designs influence the American ideal of middle-class living?

3. How did suburban development in the United States differ from residential patterns in European cities?

1. What problems in growing cities led to the shift from private enterprise to municipal services and regulation?

2. What was the "City Beautiful" movement and what solutions did it propose for American cities?

1. How did compulsory education laws affect school enrollment and literacy rates by 1900?

2. How did public high schools evolve from their original college preparatory focus to serve a changing urban society?

1. What were the major sources of funding for the expansion of colleges in the late 1800s?

2. How did the Morrill Acts and land-grant colleges differ from earlier American colleges in their mission and accessibility?

3. What changes did Charles W. Eliot introduce at Harvard, and how did Johns Hopkins University model a different approach to higher education?

4. How did women and African Americans gain increased access to higher education by 1900?

1. What new academic fields emerged in the late 19th century and how did they apply scientific methods to studying society?

2. How did W. E. B. Du Bois use statistical methods to study social problems, and what did he advocate for regarding African American education?

1. How did Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and Clarence Darrow challenge traditional views in law and criminal justice?

1. How did Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst change American newspapers in terms of content and circulation?

2. What made mass-circulation magazines affordable and popular in the 1880s?

1. What types of theatrical entertainment and traveling shows attracted large audiences in the late 19th century?

2. How did streetcar and railroad companies promote weekend recreation to increase ridership?

1. What musical forms did African American performers in New Orleans create, and how did they combine different musical traditions?

2. How did jazz, ragtime, and blues music spread from the South to northern urban centers in the early 20th century?

1. How did baseball reflect both rural traditions and industrial-age values, and what role did Jim Crow laws play in the sport?

2. How did football and basketball develop as spectator sports in the late 19th and early 20th centuries?

1. What recreational sports did middle and upper-class Americans pursue, and how did gender and class affect participation?

2. How did private athletic clubs reflect the social discrimination of the late 19th century?