AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes

4.8: Jackson and Federal Power

AP US History Guided Notes

AMSCO 4.8 - Jackson and Federal Power

Learning Objectives

  1. Explain the causes and effects of continuing policy debates about the role of the federal government from 1800 to 1848.
I. Jackson Versus Adams

A. The Election of 1824

1. Why did the House of Representatives have to choose the president in 1824, and how did Henry Clay influence the outcome?

2. What did Jackson supporters mean by the "corrupt bargain" and why did they view it as a betrayal?

B. President John Quincy Adams

1. What policies did Adams propose that alienated Jackson supporters and southerners?

2. Why did southerners call the 1828 tariff the "tariff of abominations"?

C. The Revolution of 1828

1. How did Jackson's campaign in 1828 differ from previous presidential campaigns, and what was the result?

2. What factors contributed most to Jackson's victory in 1828?

II. The Presidency of Andrew Jackson

1. How did Jackson's background and personality make him different from previous presidents?

2. What groups supported Jackson and why did he appeal to them?

A. Presidential Power

1. How did Jackson use the presidential veto to limit federal power, and what was his reasoning?

2. What was Jackson's "kitchen cabinet" and how did it affect his administration?

B. Peggy Eaton Affair

1. How did the Peggy Eaton affair demonstrate Jackson's support for the common person and what were its political consequences?

C. Indian Removal Act (1830)

1. What was Jackson's policy toward American Indians and what law did he sign to implement it?

2. How did the Supreme Court cases Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and Worcester v. Georgia address Indian removal, and how did Jackson respond?

D. Trail of Tears

1. What was the Trail of Tears and what were its consequences for the Cherokee people?

E. Nullification Crisis

1. What was the nullification theory and which vice president advanced it?

2. How did the Webster-Hayne debate reflect the conflict over federal versus state power?

3. How did Jackson respond to South Carolina's attempt to nullify the tariff, and how was the crisis resolved?

F. Opposition to Antislavery Efforts

1. How did Jackson use federal power to support slavery and oppose the antislavery movement?

G. Bank Veto

1. Why did Jackson oppose the Bank of the United States and what did he do about it?

2. How did Jackson's veto of the bank recharter bill affect the 1832 election?

III. The Two-Party System

1. How did the Democratic and Whig parties emerge during Jackson's presidency and what were their main differences?

2. What historical parties did the Democrats and Whigs resemble, and how did they reflect the conditions of the Jacksonian era?

IV. Jackson's Second Term

A. Pet Banks

1. How did Jackson destroy the Bank of the United States after his reelection in 1832?

B. Specie Circular

1. What was the Specie Circular and what economic problems did it create?

2. How did Jackson's financial policies contribute to the Panic of 1837?

V. The Election of 1836

1. Why did Jackson support Martin Van Buren as his successor and what strategy did the Whigs use to try to defeat him?

2. What was the outcome of the 1836 election?

VI. President Van Buren and the Panic of 1837

1. What caused the Panic of 1837 and how did the Whigs use it politically against the Democrats?

VII. The "Log Cabin and Hard Cider" Campaign of 1840

1. What campaign tactics did the Whigs use in 1840 and why were they effective?

2. Who won the 1840 election and what happened to the winner?

3. How did John Tyler's presidency differ from Whig expectations?

VIII. The Western Frontier

1. How did the definition of the "West" change from the 1600s through the mid-1800s?

A. American Indians

1. What happened to American Indians as White settlers expanded westward from Columbus through 1850?

2. How did horses change the way of life for Great Plains tribes like the Cheyenne and Sioux?

1. Exodus

2. Life on the Plains

B. The Frontier

1. What did the West represent in the public imagination and what motivated people to move westward?

2. Who were the mountain men and what role did they play in western expansion?

1. Mountain Men

C. White Settlers on the Western Frontier

1. What were the daily conditions and greatest dangers for White settlers on the western frontier?

2. What multiple roles did pioneer women perform and what factors limited their lifespans?

3. What environmental damage did settlers and trappers cause to western lands and wildlife?

1. Women

2. Environmental Damage

Key Terms

Indian Removal Act (1830)

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Worcester v. Georgia

Trail of Tears

Great Plains

Bank of the United States

Nicholas Biddle

Roger Taney

"pet banks"

Specie Circular

Panic of 1837

Martin Van Buren

John Quincy Adams

Henry Clay

"corrupt bargain"

Tariff of 1828

Tariff of Abominations

Revolution of 1828

Andrew Jackson

Peggy Eaton affair

states' rights

nullification crisis

Webster-Hayne debate

John C. Calhoun

Proclamation to the People of South Carolina

two-party system

Democrats

Whigs

"log cabin and hard cider" campaign

the West

the frontier

environmental damage

extinction