AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes
4.2: The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP US History Guided Notes
AMSCO 4.2 - The Rise of Political Parties and the Era of Jefferson
Learning Objectives
- Explain the causes and effects of policy debates in the early republic.
I. The Election of 1800
A. Establishment of Political Parties
1. What were the key differences between the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party in 1800?
2. How did regional interests divide the two parties on the issue of tariffs?
B. Election Results
1. Why was determining the winner of the 1800 presidential election complicated?
2. How did the House of Representatives resolve the tie between Jefferson and Burr?
3. What was the significance of the Democratic-Republicans gaining control of both Congress and the presidency in 1800?
C. A Peaceful Revolution
1. Why was the peaceful transfer of power from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans in 1801 historically significant?
II. Jefferson's Presidency
1. How did Jefferson balance the interests of both Federalists and Democratic-Republicans during his first term?
2. What specific actions did Jefferson take to reduce the size and cost of the federal government?
III. The Louisiana Purchase
A. U.S. Interest in the Mississippi River
1. Why was control of the port of New Orleans critical to American settlers in the western frontier?
2. What economic and foreign policy concerns did Jefferson have when Spain closed New Orleans to American trade in 1802?
B. Negotiations
1. What was the original goal of Jefferson's ministers in their negotiations with France, and how did the final agreement differ?
2. Why did Napoleon's ministers offer to sell the entire Louisiana Territory instead of just New Orleans?
C. Constitutional Predicament
1. What constitutional problem did the Louisiana Purchase create for Jefferson, and how did he resolve it?
D. Consequences
1. What were the major geographic and political consequences of the Louisiana Purchase?
2. How did the Louisiana Purchase strengthen Jefferson's vision for America's future and weaken the Federalist Party?
E. Lewis and Clark Expedition
1. What were the major achievements and benefits of the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
IV. Judicial Impeachments
1. Why did Jefferson support impeaching Federalist judges, and what was the outcome of his impeachment campaign?
2. What was the significance of the impeachment of Samuel Chase and the Senate's decision to acquit him?
V. Jefferson's Reelection
1. What challenges did Jefferson face during his second term as president?
VI. Aaron Burr
A. Federalist Conspiracy
1. What was Aaron Burr's plan to break up the Union, and why did it fail?
B. Duel with Hamilton
1. What were the circumstances of the duel between Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton, and what were its consequences?
C. Trial for Treason
1. What was Burr's western conspiracy, and why was he acquitted of treason charges?
VII. John Marshall's Supreme Court and Federal Power
A. John Marshall
1. Who was John Marshall and why was he influential during the Democratic-Republican era?
B. Influential Cases
1. Marbury v. Madison (1803)
1. What was the central issue in Marbury v. Madison and what principle did Marshall establish?
2. How did Marshall's ruling sacrifice a small Federalist gain for a larger long-term judicial victory?
2. Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
1. What did Fletcher v. Peck establish about state laws and contracts?
3. Martin v. Hunter's Lease (1816)
1. What jurisdiction did the Supreme Court establish in Martin v. Hunter's Lease?
4. Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)
1. How did the Marshall Court protect private corporations from state interference in Dartmouth College v. Woodward?
5. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
1. What two major principles did Marshall establish in McCulloch v. Maryland?
6. Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
1. What power did the Supreme Court establish in Cohens v. Virginia?
7. Gibbons v. Ogden (1821)
1. How did Gibbons v. Ogden expand federal power over interstate commerce?
VIII. Madison's Presidency
A. The Election of 1808
1. What were James Madison's strengths and weaknesses as a political leader?
2. How did Jefferson's support help Madison win the presidency in 1808 despite party divisions?
Key Terms
Thomas Jefferson
Louisiana Purchase
Aaron Burr
Lewis and Clark
strict interpretation
John Marshall
judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
Fletcher v. Peck
Martin v. Hunter's Lease
Dartmouth College v. Woodward
McCulloch v. Maryland
Gibbons v. Ogden
implied powers