AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes
4.11: An Age of Reform
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP US History Guided Notes
AMSCO 4.11 - An Age of Reform
Learning Objectives
- Explain how and why various reform movements developed and expanded from 1800 to 1848.
A. Improving Society
1. What were the main sources of enthusiasm for reform movements during the antebellum era?
2. How did the strategies of reformers evolve from their initial approach to reform?
B. Temperance
1. What social problems did temperance reformers believe alcohol caused?
2. How did the temperance movement's approach change from the 1820s to the 1840s?
3. What groups supported temperance reform and why did they do so?
4. What was the significance of Maine's 1851 prohibition law and what happened to the temperance movement in the 1850s?
C. Movement for Public Asylums
1. What conditions prompted humanitarian reformers to propose new public institutions in the 1820s and 1830s?
1. Mental Hospitals
1. What conditions did Dorothea Dix expose and what changes resulted from her crusade?
2. Schools for Blind and Deaf Persons
1. What institutions did Thomas Gallaudet and Samuel Gridley Howe establish and how did their work spread?
3. Prisons
1. What was the philosophy behind Pennsylvania's penitentiaries and what problems did the solitary confinement approach create?
2. How did the Auburn system differ from Pennsylvania's approach to prison reform?
D. Public Education
1. What motivated middle-class reformers to campaign for free public schools?
1. Free Common Schools
1. What were Horace Mann's main goals for public education reform?
2. Moral Education
1. What values did educational reformers want to teach children and how did the McGuffey readers promote these values?
2. How did the Protestant character of public schools affect Catholic communities?
3. Higher Education
1. What role did the Second Great Awakening play in the expansion of higher education?
2. What was significant about Mount Holyoke College and Oberlin College?
E. Changes in Families and Roles for Women
1. How did industrialization change family size and women's leisure time in middle-class households?
1. Cult of Domesticity
1. How did industrialization change the roles of men and women within families?
2. What is the cult of domesticity and how did it reflect changes in family structure?
2. Women's Rights
1. Why did women reformers in the antislavery movement become advocates for women's rights?
2. What was the significance of Sarah Grimké's Letters on the Equality of the Sexes?
3. Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
1. What was the Declaration of Sentiments and how was it modeled after an earlier American document?
2. What causes did Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony champion after the Seneca Falls Convention?
F. Antislavery Movement
1. What range of positions existed among opponents of slavery and how did religious beliefs influence the antislavery movement?
1. American Colonization Society
1. What was the goal of the American Colonization Society and why did it appeal to different groups?
2. Why did colonization fail as a solution to slavery?
2. American Antislavery Society
1. What was William Lloyd Garrison's position on slavery and how did he promote it through The Liberator?
2. What was radical about Garrison's approach to abolition?
3. Liberty Party
1. Why did some abolitionists form the Liberty Party and how did their strategy differ from Garrison's?
4. Black Abolitionists
1. What unique perspectives did formerly enslaved people and free African Americans bring to the antislavery movement?
2. What role did Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, and other Black abolitionists play in the antislavery cause?
5. Violent Abolitionism
1. What position did David Walker and Henry Highland Garnet advocate and what was Nat Turner's revolt?
2. How did Nat Turner's revolt affect antislavery sentiment in the South?
G. Other Reforms
1. What were examples of smaller reform movements during the antebellum era besides temperance and abolition?
Key Terms
temperance
American Temperance Society
Washingtonians
Woman's Christian Temperance Union
asylum movement
Dorothea Dix
Thomas Gallaudet
Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe
penitentiaries
Auburn system
Horace Mann
common (public) school movement
McGuffey readers
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
Susan B. Anthony
American Peace Society
American Colonization Society
American Antislavery Society
abolition
William Lloyd Garrison; *The Liberator*
Liberty Party
Frederick Douglass; *The North Star*
Harriet Tubman
David Ruggles
Sojourner Truth
William Still
David Walker
Henry Highland Garnet
Nat Turner
antebellum period
women's rights
cult of domesticity
Sarah Grimké
Angelina Grimké
*Letters on the Equality of the Sexes, and the Condition of Woman*
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Susan B. Anthony