AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes
4.5: Market Revolution
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP US History Guided Notes
AMSCO 4.5 - Market Revolution
Learning Objectives
- Explain the causes and effects of the innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce over time.
I. Development of the Northwest
1. What were the two major factors that tied the Old Northwest to other northern states by midcentury?
A. Agriculture
1. How did the steel plow and mechanical reaper change farming practices in the Old Northwest?
2. What crops were most profitable in the Old Northwest and how were they used?
II. Transportation
1. Why was an efficient network of roads and canals vital to the development of a national economy?
A. Roads
1. How did the success of the Lancaster Turnpike influence road construction in the early 1800s?
2. What was the National Road and why was it significant despite states' rights opposition?
B. Canals
1. What were the major economic effects of the Erie Canal's completion in 1825?
2. How did canal construction change the relationship between western farms and eastern cities?
C. Steam Engines and Steamboats
1. How did steam engines change the location options for factories compared to water-powered mills?
2. What impact did steamboats have on shipping times and costs for freight transportation?
D. Railroads
1. How did railroads transform small western towns like Cleveland and Cincinnati?
2. Why did the South rely more on rivers than railroads for transportation?
III. Communication
1. How did the telegraph revolutionize communication and what made it different from previous methods?
2. What groups benefited most from the ability to communicate instantaneously across distances?
IV. Growth of Industry
1. What was the relationship between U.S. manufacturing and agriculture in value from the start to the end of the 19th century?
A. Mechanical Inventions
1. How did Eli Whitney's system of interchangeable parts improve manufacturing efficiency?
2. What role did patent laws play in encouraging American inventors during the early 1800s?
B. Corporations for Raising Capital
1. How did New York's 1811 incorporation law change the way businesses could raise money?
2. What advantage did limited liability provide to corporation owners and investors?
C. Factory System
1. How did Samuel Slater establish the first U.S. textile factory and what made this significant?
2. Why did New England emerge as the leading manufacturing center in the 1820s?
3. How did the growth of the factory system encourage the development of financial businesses?
D. Labor
1. What was the Lowell System and why did textile mills need to recruit workers this way?
2. How did factory labor sources change from the early 1800s to the middle of the century?
E. Unions
1. Why did skilled workers like shoemakers and weavers seek employment in factories?
2. What were the main obstacles that prevented early unions from achieving their goals?
V. Commercial Agriculture
1. What three factors promoted the shift from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture in the early 1800s?
2. How did improved transportation change the markets available to western farmers?
VI. Cotton and the South
1. How did the cotton gin transform southern agriculture and the southern economy?
2. What role did northern cities, particularly New York, play in the cotton industry?
3. How did the cotton industry connect the South to both northern and global economies?
Key Terms
Lancaster Turnpike
National (Cumberland) Road
John Deere
Cyrus McCormick
Erie Canal
Robert Fulton
steamboats
railroads
telegraph
Eli Whitney
interchangeable parts
corporations
Samuel Slater
factory system
Lowell System
textile mills
unions
cotton gin
market revolution
Old Northwest