AP US History AMSCO Guided Notes
4.4: America on the World Stage
AMSCO Guided Notes
AP US History Guided Notes
AMSCO 4.4 - America on the World Stage
Learning Objectives
- Explain how and why American foreign policy developed over time.
I. Jefferson's Foreign Policy
1. What prior diplomatic experience did Jefferson bring to the presidency and how did it influence his foreign policy approach?
A. Difficulties Abroad
1. Barbary Pirates
1. What was the Barbary piracy problem and how did Jefferson respond differently from his predecessors?
2. What were the results of Jefferson's military action against Tripoli from 1801 to 1805?
2. Challenges to U.S. Neutrality
1. How did Britain and France threaten U.S. neutrality during the Napoleonic wars and which nation posed the greater threat?
2. What was impressment and why did it particularly anger Americans?
3. Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
1. What happened in the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair and how did Jefferson respond to this provocation?
4. Embargo Act (1807)
1. What was the Embargo Act and what did Jefferson hope it would accomplish?
2. How did the Embargo Act affect the U.S. economy and what regions suffered the most?
3. Why did Jefferson call for the repeal of the Embargo Act in 1809?
II. President Madison's Foreign Policy
1. What European problems dominated Madison's presidency and how did his approach differ from Jefferson's?
A. Commercial Warfare
1. Nonintercourse Act of 1809
1. What was the Nonintercourse Act and how did it differ from Jefferson's Embargo Act?
2. Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)
1. What did Macon's Bill No. 2 allow and what condition did it place on trade with Britain and France?
3. Napoleon's Deception
1. How did Napoleon deceive Madison and what were the consequences for U.S. trade?
III. The War of 1812
A. Causes of the War
1. Free Seas and Trade
1. Why was free trade across the Atlantic important to the United States and how did Britain and France threaten it?
2. Why did Americans view Britain as a worse offender than France regarding violations of neutral rights?
2. Frontier Pressures
1. What lands did western Americans covet and what groups stood in their way?
2. Who were Tecumseh and the Prophet and what was their goal?
3. What happened at the Battle of Tippecanoe and how did frontier Americans interpret British involvement?
3. War Hawks
1. Who were the war hawks and what did they argue would result from war with Britain?
4. Declaration of War
1. What factors finally persuaded Madison to seek a declaration of war and what was the ironic timing of Britain's response?
B. A Divided Nation
1. Which regions supported the war declaration and which regions opposed it?
2. What were the main reasons New England merchants opposed the war?
3. Why did Federalist politicians and 'Quids' criticize the war?
C. Military Defeats and Naval Victories
1. Invasion of Canada
1. What was the American strategy for invading Canada and why did these invasions fail?
2. Naval Battles
1. What naval victories did the United States achieve and what factors contributed to American success at sea?
2. How did the British naval blockade affect the American economy and what was the significance of the Battle of Lake Erie?
3. What was the importance of the naval battle on Lake Champlain in 1814?
3. Chesapeake Campaign
1. What did the British accomplish in the Chesapeake Campaign and what event at Fort McHenry became historically significant?
4. Southern Campaign
1. What were Andrew Jackson's major victories in the South and what were their consequences?
2. Why was the Battle of New Orleans historically ironic?
IV. The Treaty of Ghent
1. What were the main terms of the Treaty of Ghent and what issues did it fail to address?
2. Why did the Treaty of Ghent represent a stalemate for both Britain and the United States?
V. The Hartford Convention
1. Why did New England states call the Hartford Convention and what radical proposals were considered?
2. What proposals did the Hartford Convention adopt and how did news of Jackson's victory and the Treaty of Ghent affect the Federalist Party?
VI. The War's Legacy
1. What were the major consequences of the War of 1812 for the United States and American Indians?
2. How did the war affect American nationalism and the nation's focus on westward expansion?
VII. Monroe and Foreign Affairs
1. How did the United States approach foreign affairs after the War of 1812 and what action did Monroe take regarding the Barbary pirates?
A. Canada
1. Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
1. What did the Rush-Bagot Agreement accomplish and how did it change the U.S.-Canada border?
2. Treaty of 1818
1. What three major issues did the Treaty of 1818 resolve between the United States and Britain?
B. Florida
1. Why did Spain have difficulty controlling Florida after the War of 1812 and what groups conducted raids into U.S. territory?
1. Jackson's Military Campaign
1. What orders did Monroe give Jackson regarding Florida and how did Jackson exceed his instructions?
2. Why did Congress fear Jackson's actions might lead to war and how did Secretary of State Adams respond?
2. Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)
1. What did Spain agree to give up in the Florida Purchase Treaty and what did the United States give in return?
VIII. The Monroe Doctrine
1. What European developments after Napoleon's fall prompted concern among British and American leaders about the Western Hemisphere?
A. British Initiative
1. What proposal did British Foreign Secretary George Canning make to the United States and why did he make it?
B. American Response
1. Why did Secretary of State John Quincy Adams oppose a joint declaration with Britain and what reasoning did he use?
2. What decision did President Monroe make regarding Adams's advice?
C. The Doctrine
1. What were the two main assertions of the Monroe Doctrine regarding European powers and the Western Hemisphere?
D. Impact
1. How did the American public, Britain, and European monarchs react to the Monroe Doctrine?
2. Why did the Monroe Doctrine have greater significance in later decades than it did when first announced?
Key Terms
war hawks
Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun
"Quids"
Hartford Convention (1814)
Tecumseh/Prophet
William Henry Harrison
Battle of Tippecanoe
Napoleon Bonaparte
Barbary pirates
neutrality
impressing/impressment
Chesapeake-Leopard affair
Embargo Act (1807)
James Madison
Nonintercourse Act (1809)
Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)
War of 1812
"Old Ironsides"
Battle of Lake Erie
Oliver Hazard Perry
Battle of the Thames
Thomas Macdonough
Battle of Lake Champlain
Andrew Jackson
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Creek nation
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Stephen Decatur
Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)
Treaty of 1818
Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
Francis Scott Key
"The Star-Spangled Banner"