Penicillinases

Definition

Penicillinases are enzymes produced by certain bacteria that inactivate penicillin antibiotics, rendering them ineffective. They break the beta-lactam ring of penicillin molecules, which is crucial for their antibacterial activity.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. They are also known as beta-lactamases.
2. Bacteria that produce penicillinases can resist the effects of penicillin and related antibiotics.
3. Penicillinase production is a common mechanism of antibiotic resistance among Staphylococcus aureus strains.
4. Inhibitors like clavulanic acid are often combined with penicillin antibiotics to overcome resistance caused by penicillinases.
5. Molecular genetics studies have revealed that the genes encoding penicillinases can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer.

Review Questions

Related terms

Beta-lactam Ring: A chemical structure essential for the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins.

Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactamase inhibitor used in combination with certain antibiotics to overcome bacterial resistance.

Horizontal Gene Transfer:

The transfer of genetic material between organisms in a manner other than traditional reproduction, contributing to antibiotic resistance.